Study on heat transfer performance of cold plate with grid channel.

The utilization of cold plate radiators as a prevalent method for indirect liquid cooling has been extensively investigated and implemented in server cooling systems. However, there is a lack of comprehensive study on the application of this technology at the chip size, indicating a need for more development and exploration in this area. A proposal was made for a grid-channel chip cold plate heat sink to facilitate the dissipation of heat from a chip. tests were conducted to investigate the impact of the flow rate of the cold plate and the layout of the inlet and outlet on various thermal parameters, including the average temperature, maximum temperature, thermal resistance, and uniformity coefficient of the cold plate. The tests were specifically conducted under a chip power of 150W, and the accuracy of the simulation was confirmed through the use of FLUENT. The findings indicate that the cold plate effectively regulates the temperature of the chip, ensuring it remains below 85 °C throughout all experimental groups. In contrast to the single in single out configuration, the single-in multiple-out layout exhibits a higher degree of temperature uniformity within the cold plate. Nevertheless, it is important to note that augmenting the quantity of exits does not guarantee an improvement in heat transfer efficiency. This outcome is contingent upon the presence of a longitudinal flow channel shared by the outlet and intake, as well as the dispersion characteristics of the outlet. Enhancing the dispersion of the exit can significantly enhance the thermal transfer efficiency of the cold plate. Furthermore, a strategy for adjusting the aperture of the orifice is proposed as a solution to address the challenges related to flow uniformity and the issue of high pressure drop in the cold plate.

Prediction of Adsorption Equilibrium of VOCs onto Hyper-Cross-Linked Polymeric Resin at Environmentally Relevant Temperatures and Concentrations Using Inverse Gas Chromatography.

Hyper-cross-linked polymeric resin (HPR) represents a class of predominantly microporous adsorbents and has good adsorption performance toward VOCs. However, adsorption equilibrium of VOCs onto HPR are limited. In this research, a novel method for predicting adsorption capacities of VOCs on HPR at environmentally relevant temperatures and concentrations using inverse gas chromatography data was proposed. Adsorption equilibrium of six VOCs (n-pentane, n-hexane, dichloromethane, acetone, benzene, 1, 2-dichloroethane) onto HPR in the temperature range of 403-443 K were measured by inverse gas chromatography (IGC). Adsorption capacities at environmentally relevant temperatures (293-328 K) and concentrations (P/Ps = 0.1-0.7) were predicted using Dubinin-Radushkevich (DR) equation based on Polany's theory. Taking consideration of the swelling properties of HPR, the volume swelling ratio (r) was introduced and r·Vmicro was used instead of Vmicro determined by N2 adsorption data at 77 K as the parameter q0 (limiting micropore volume) of the DR equation. The results showed that the adsorption capacities of VOCs at environmentally relevant temperatures and concentrations can be predicted effectively using IGC data, the root-mean-square errors between the predicted and experimental data was below 9.63%. The results are meaningful because they allow accurate prediction of adsorption capacities of adsorbents more quickly and conveniently using IGC data.

Accurate quantification of two key time points used in the determination of hydroxyl polyaluminum species by ferron timed spectrophotometry.

The content of mononuclear Al (Ala%) changed with its determination time (ta) under different dosages of Ferron (7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid, [Ferron]), and the change of Ala% with [Ferron] at different ta was systematically investigated for the first time. Thus, the most appropriate ta was found with the optimal [Ferron]. Also, the judgment of the platform (flat or level portion) of the complete reaction on the absorption-time curve determined in the hydroxyl polyaluminum solution by Ferron timed spectrophotometry (Ferron assay) was first digitized. The time point (tb) of complete reaction between the medium polyaluminum (Alb) and Ferron reagent depended on the reaction extent, and time could not be used only to judge. Thus, the tb was accurately determined and reduced to half of original, which improved the experiment efficiency significantly. The Ferron assay was completely optimized.

An important improvement in Ferron-timed spectrophotometry.

Ferron dosage ([Ferron]) is key to ferron-timed spectrophotometry (ferron assay). In order to clarify some important questions, the following studies were conducted: (1) The effect of [Ferron] on the sensitivity of total aluminum (AlT) determination was experimentally investigated and ²7Al nuclear magnetic resonance (²7Al NMR) spectroscopy was used to verify our developed Ferron assay; (2) the chemical equilibrium calculation was employed to analyze the effect of [Ferron] on the determination of AlT; and (3) the main reason for insufficient [Ferron] was further analyzed. This is the first study to standardize a ferron assay operating procedure.