Zellweger syndrome caused by PEX6 gene variation in 2 cases and literature review / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To summarize the clinical features and genetic characteristics of Zellweger spectrum disorder caused by PEX6 gene variation. Methods: This was a case series research. Clinical date and genetic results of 2 neonatal cases of Zellweger syndrome caused by PEX6 gene variation in Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology and Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University from July 2021 to July 2022 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Literature up to August 2023 was searched from electronic databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data and PubMed with the combined keywords of "Zellweger syndrome" "Zellweger spectrum disorder", and "PEX6 gene" both in Chinese and English. The main clinical features and genetic characteristics of Zellweger spectrum disorder caused by PEX6 gene variation were summarized. Results: The 2 male neonates both developed clinical manifestations as dyspnea, hypotonia, feeding difficulties, enlarged fontanelle, and high palatine arch after birth. Biochemical parameters indicated elevated bile acids, and the cranial ultrasound showed the enlarged bilateral ventricles and subependymal cyst in both 2 neonates. Zellweger syndrome was confirmed by whole exome sequencing, and the results revealed PEX6 gene variation in the 2 neonates, including compound heterozygous variants c.315G>A and c.2095-3T>G, and homozygous variant c.506_507del. Case 1 was hospitalized for 5 days, and case 2 for 32 days; they both died shortly after being discharged (the specific time is unknown). Literature review found 26 patients, including 2 neonates in this study, with Zellweger spectrum disorder caused by PEX6 gene defect reported in 1 Chinese article and 11 English articles. Clinical features included hearing loss (19 cases), developmental delay (19 cases), vision impairment (19 cases), elevated very long chain fatty acids (17 cases), brain malformations (15 cases), hypotonia (12 cases), hepatic insufficiency (12 cases), distinctive facies (10 cases), and dental impairment (9 cases). Compound heterozygous variations dominated the variation types (15 cases), and the frameshift variations (16 cases) were the main pathogenic variations. Conclusions: Zellweger spectrum disorder should be considered when neonates show hypotonia, feeding difficulty, distinctive facial appearance, brain malformations and failure of hearing screening, or when older children show retinitis pigmentosa, sensorineural hearing loss, amelogenesis imperfecta and developmental delays. Detection of genetic variation in the PEX gene is crucial for definitive diagnosis.

Antitumor Efficacy and Mechanism in Hepatoma H22-Bearing Mice of Brucea javanica Oil.

Brucea javanica is a traditional herbal medicine in China, and its antitumor activities are of research interest. Brucea javanica oil, extracted with ether and refined with 10% ethyl alcohol from Brucea javanica seed, was used to treat hepatoma H22-bearing mice in this study. The antitumor effect and probable mechanisms of the extracted Brucea javanica oil were studied in H22-bearing mice by WBC count, GOT, GPT levels, and western blotting. The H22 tumor inhibition ratio of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 g/kg bw Brucea javanica oil were 15.64%, 23.87%, and 38.27%. Brucea javanica oil could inhibit the involution of thymus induced by H22 tumor-bearing, but it could not inhibit the augmentation of spleen and liver. Brucea javanica oil could decrease the levels of WBC count and GOT and GPT in H22-bearing mice. The protein levels of GAPDH, Akt, TGF-ß1, and α-SMA in tumor tissues decreased after being treated with Brucea javanica oil. Disturbing energy metabolism and neoplastic hyperplasia controlled by Akt and immunoregulation activity were its probable antitumor mechanisms in hepatoma H22-bearing mice.

[Changes in Wnt pathway inhibiting factors in nitrosamine-induced esophageal precancerosis lesions and effect of gexia zhuyu decoction].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the changes in Wnt pathway inhibiting factors in esophageal precancerosis lesions induced by methyl benzyl nitrosamine (MBNA) and the effect of Gexia Zhuyu decoction. METHOD: Wistar rats were subcutaneously injected with MBNA (3.5 mg x kg(-1) for twice per week to establish the model. Since the 1st day after the model establishment, they were orally administered with Gexia Zhuyu decoction (16, 8 mg x kg(-1)). At the 10th week, esophageal tissues were collected to observe the pathological changes of esophageal mucosa, detect SFRP1, sFRP4, Axin1, Axin2 and GSK-3ß mRNA levels.by fluorescent quantitation PCR analysis and ß-catenin protein level by Western blotting. RESULT: Being induced by MBNA, rats in the model group showed slight atypical hyperplasia in the histopathological examination. Compared with the normal group, Gexia Zhuyu decoction dose high and low groups showed no significant pathomorphological and histological changes. The model group showed lower gene transcription levels of esophageal tissues sFRP1, sFRP4, Axin1 and Axin2 (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) and higher ß-catenin protein expression level (P < 0.01) than the normal control group. The Gexia Zhuyu decoction low dose group showed higher gene transcription levels of esophageal tissues sFRP1, sFRP4, Axin1 and Axin2 (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) and lower ß-catenin protein expression level (P < 0.01) than the normal control group. CONCLUSION: Up-regulated ß-catenin protein level and down-regulated Wnt pathway could enhance Wnt pathway activity of MBNA-induced esophageal precancerous lesions. Gexia Zhuyu decoction could down-regulate the ß-catenin protein level and up-regulate the transcription level of Wnt pathway inhibiting factors, but could not block MBNA-induced esophageal precancerosis lesions.

Topological insulator bismuth selenide as a theranostic platform for simultaneous cancer imaging and therapy.

Employing theranostic nanoparticles, which combine both therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities in one dose, has promise to propel the biomedical field toward personalized medicine. Here we investigate the theranostic properties of topological insulator bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) in in vivo and in vitro system for the first time. We show that Bi2Se3 nanoplates can absorb near-infrared (NIR) laser light and effectively convert laser energy into heat. Such photothermal conversion property may be due to the unique physical properties of topological insulators. Furthermore, localized and irreversible photothermal ablation of tumors in the mouse model is successfully achieved by using Bi2Se3 nanoplates and NIR laser irradiation. In addition, we also demonstrate that Bi2Se3 nanoplates exhibit strong X-ray attenuation and can be utilized for enhanced X-ray computed tomography imaging of tumor tissue in vivo. This study highlights Bi2Se3 nanoplates could serve as a promising platform for cancer diagnosis and therapy.