ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The incidence of post-stroke depression (PSD) may be higher in patients with cancer-associated ischemic stroke (CAIS). The pathogenesis of PSD is mainly related to the emotional injury of stroke and the inability of neurons to effectively repair. This study aims to explore the clinical significance of serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) expression levels in CAIS patients. METHODS: Clinical data of 106 patients with CAIS admitted to Jinhua Guangfu Oncology Hospital from January 2012 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Serum levels of NSE, BDNF and CNTF were measured in all patients after admission. Depression screening was performed by Hamilton Depression Scale-17 (HAMD-17) three months after intravenous thrombolysis. Patients with HAMD-17 score >7 were included in the PSD group (n = 44), and patients with HAMD-17 score ≤7 were included in the non-PSD group (n = 62). The general data and serum levels of NSE, BDNF and CNTF were compared between the two groups. According to HAMD-17 scores, patients in PSD group were further divided into mild depression group (8-16 points), moderate depression group (17-23 points) and severe depression group (≥24 points), and the serum levels of NSE, BDNF and CNTF were compared among the three groups. Pearson's correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between HAMD-17 scores and serum NSE, BDNF and CNTF levels in PSD patients. Logistic regression model was used to determine the influencing factors of PSD in CAIS patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to analyze the predictive efficacy of serum NSE, BDNF, CNTF and their combination on PSD. RESULTS: Among 106 CAIS patients, the incidence of PSD was 41.51% (44 cases), including 19 patients with mild PSD (43.18%), 14 patients with moderate PSD (31.82%), and 11 patients with severe PSD (25.00%). There were statistically significant differences in negative life events and complications after thrombolytic therapy between PSD and non-PSD patients (p < 0.05). The serum NSE level in PSD group was significantly higher than that in non-PSD group, and the serum BDNF and CNTF levels were notably lower than those in non-PSD group (all p < 0.001). The serum levels of NSE, BDNF and CNTF in patients with different severity of PSD were statistically significant (all p < 0.001). HAMD-17 scores in PSD patients were positively correlated with serum NSE levels (r = 0.676, p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with serum BDNF and CNTF levels (r = -0.661, p < 0.001; r = -0.401, p = 0.007, respectively). By binary logistic regression analysis, the levels of serum NSE, BDNF and CNTF were independent influencing factors for PSD in CAIS patients, among which NSE was a risk factor (odds ratio (OR) >1, p < 0.05), BDNF and CNTF were protective factors (OR <1, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study reveals for the first time that the levels of serum NSE, BDNF and CNTF are closely related to the occurrence and development of PSD in CAIS patients. In clinical CAIS patients with abnormal changes in the above indicators, in addition to anti-tumor treatment and improvement of neurological deficit symptoms, attention should also be paid to the symptoms of psychological disorders.
Subject(s)
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor , Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor , Depression , Ischemic Stroke , Phosphopyruvate Hydratase , Humans , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/blood , Male , Female , Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/blood , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Ischemic Stroke/blood , Ischemic Stroke/complications , Depression/blood , Depression/etiology , Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor/blood , Aged , Neoplasms/complications , Neoplasms/blood , Clinical RelevanceABSTRACT
High-resolution remote sensing technology is an efficient and low-cost space-to-earth observation strategy, which can carry out simultaneous monitoring of large-scale areas. It has incomparable advantages over ground monitoring solutions. Traditional road extraction methods are mainly based on image processing techniques. These methods usually only use one or a few features of images, which is difficult to fully deal with the real situation of roads. This work proposes a two-steps network for the road extraction. First, we optimize a pix2pix model for image translation to obtain the required map style image. Images output by the optimized model is full of road features and can relief the occlusion issues. It can intuitively reflect information such as the position, shape and size of the road. After that, we propose a new FusionLinkNet model, which has a strong stability in the road information by fusing the DenseNet, ResNet and LinkNet. Experiments show that our accuracy and learning rate have been improved. The MIOU (Mean Intersection Over Union) value of the proposed model in road extraction is over 80% in both DeepGlobe and Massachusetts road dataset. The figures are available from https://github.com/jsit-luwei/training-dataset.
Subject(s)
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Remote Sensing Technology , Remote Sensing Technology/methods , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods , AlgorithmsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Radiomics has shown great potential in the clinical field of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, few bibliometric studies have systematically analyzed existing research in this field. The purpose of this study is to understand the current research status and future development directions of CRC. METHODS: Search the English documents on the application of radiomics in the field of CRC research included in the Web of Science Core Collection from its establishment to October 2023. VOSviewer and CiteSpace software were used to conduct bibliometric and visual analysis of online publications related to countries/regions, authors, journals, references, and keywords in this field. RESULTS: A total of 735 relevant documents published from Web of Science Core Collection to October 2023 were retrieved, and a total of 419 documents were obtained based on the screening criteria, including 376 articles and 43 reviews. The number of publications is increasing year by year. Among them, China publishes the most relevant documents (nâ =â 238), which is much higher than Italy (nâ =â 69) and the United States (nâ =â 63). Tian Jie is the author with the most publications and citations (nâ =â 17, citationsâ =â 2128), GE Healthcare is the most productive institution (nâ =â 26), Frontiers in Oncology is the journal with the most publications (nâ =â 60), and European Radiology is the most cited journal (nâ =â 776). Hot spots for the application of radiomics in CRC include magnetic resonance, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, survival, texture analysis, and machine learning. These directions are the current hot spots for the application of radiomics research in CRC and may be the direction of continued development in the future. CONCLUSION: Through bibliometric analysis, the application of radiomics in CRC has been increasing year by year. The application of radiomics improves the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis, prediction, and prognosis of CRC. The results of bibliometrics analysis provide a valuable reference for the research direction of radiomics. However, radiomics still faces many challenges in the future, such as the single nature of the data source which may affect the comprehensiveness of the results. Future studies can further expand the data sources and build a multicenter public database to more comprehensively reflect the research status and development trend of CRC radiomics.
Subject(s)
Colorectal Neoplasms , Dermatitis , Humans , Bibliometrics , China , Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Databases, Factual , RadiomicsABSTRACT
With continuing global warming and urbanization, it is increasingly important to understand the resilience of urban vegetation to extreme high temperatures, but few studies have examined urban vegetation at large scale or both concurrent and delayed responses. In this study, we performed an urban-rural comparison using the Enhanced Vegetation Index and months that exceed the historical 90th percentile in mean temperature (referred to as "hot months") across 85 major cities in the contiguous United States. We found that hot months initially enhanced vegetation greenness but could cause a decline afterwards, especially for persistent (≥4 months) and intense (≥+2â °C) episodes in summer. The urban responses were more positive than rural in the western United States or in winter, but more negative during spring-autumn in the eastern United States. The east-west difference can be attributed to the higher optimal growth temperatures and lower water stress levels of the western urban vegetation than the rural. The urban responses also had smaller magnitudes than the rural responses, especially in deciduous forest biomes, and least in evergreen forest biomes. Within each biome, analysis at 1â km pixel level showed that impervious fraction and vegetation cover, local urban heat island intensity, and water stress were the key drivers of urban-rural differences. These findings advance our understanding of how prolonged exposure to warm extremes, particularly within urban environments, affects vegetation greenness and vitality. Urban planners and ecosystem managers should prioritize the long and intense events and the key drivers in fostering urban vegetation resilience to heat waves.
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BACKGROUND: Premature ovarian failure (POF) has a profound impact on female reproductive and psychological health. In recent years, the transplantation of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) has demonstrated unprecedented potential in the treatment of POF. However, the heterogeneity of human UC-MSCs remains a challenge for their large-scale clinical application. Therefore, it is imperative to identify specific subpopulations within UC-MSCs that possess the capability to improve ovarian function, with the aim of reducing the uncertainty arising from the heterogeneity while achieving more effective treatment of POF. METHODS: 10 × Genomics was performed to investigate the heterogeneity of human UC-MSCs. We used LRP1 as a marker and distinguished the potential therapeutic subpopulation by flow cytometry, and determined its secretory functions. Unsorted UC-MSCs, LRP1high and LRP1low subpopulation was transplanted under the ovarian capsules of aged mice and CTX-induced POF mice, and therapeutic effects was evaluated by assessing hormone levels, estrous cycles, follicle counts, and embryo numbers. RNA sequencing on mouse oocytes and granulosa cells after transplantation was performed to explore the mechanism of LRP1high subpopulation on mouse oocytes and granulosa cells. RESULTS: We identified three distinct functional subtypes, including mesenchymal stem cells, multilymphoid progenitor cells and trophoblasts. Additionally, we identified the LRP1high subpopulation, which improved ovarian function in aged and POF mice. We elucidated the unique secretory functions of the LRP1high subpopulation, capable of secreting various chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors. Furthermore, LRP1 plays a crucial role in regulating the ovarian microenvironment, including tissue repair and extracellular matrix remodeling. Consistent with its functions, the transcriptomes of oocytes and granulosa cells after transplantation revealed that the LRP1high subpopulation improves ovarian function by modulating the extracellular matrix of oocytes, NAD metabolism, and mitochondrial function in granulosa cells. CONCLUSION: Through exploration of the heterogeneity of UC-MSCs, we identified the LRP1high subpopulation capable of improving ovarian function in aged and POF mice by secreting various factors and remodeling the extracellular matrix. This study provides new insights into the targeted exploration of human UC-MSCs in the precise treatment of POF.
Subject(s)
Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Primary Ovarian Insufficiency , Humans , Female , Animals , Mice , Aged , Primary Ovarian Insufficiency/therapy , Oocytes , Stem Cells , Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1/geneticsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The utilization of natural products to enhance the function of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) has emerged as a popular area of research. Recent investigations have demonstrated that sappanchalcone (SC) possesses pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory and osteoprotective effects. This study aims to explore the impact of SC on the in vivo and in vitro osteogenic differentiation ability of PDLCs. MATERIALS: Cell proliferation was quantified using the CCK-8 assay, while gene expression levels were assessed through qRT-PCR analysis. Osteoblast differentiation capacity was evaluated by employing Alizarin red staining (ARS), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and western blot (WB) analysis. A rat model of periodontitis was established utilizing the tether-wire method. Micro-CT imaging and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining were employed to evaluate alveolar bone resorption. Masson's trichrome staining was utilized to observe fiber alignment, whereas immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques were applied for detecting osteogenic and inflammatory factors. RESULTS: The results from the CCK-8 assay indicate no observed cytotoxicity for concentrations of 1, 5, or 10 nM for SC treatment (p < .05), while qRT-PCR analysis demonstrates a significant decrease in inflammatory factors such as MMP-1 and IL-6 with treatment by SC (p < .05). Additionally, western blotting reveals an increase in protein expression levels of Runx2 and OPN within PDLCs treated with SC compared to control groups (p < .05), which is further supported by ARS and ALP staining indicating an increase in mineralized nodules formation along with elevated ALP content within these cells following treatment with this compound (p < .05). Finally, both HE staining as well as micro-CT imaging suggest potential benefits associated with using this compound including slowing alveolar bone resorption while simultaneously promoting junctional epithelium proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: Our in vitro and in vivo findings suggest that SC can effectively enhance the inflammatory response of PDLCs and promote their osteogenic differentiation ability under inflammatory conditions, indicating its potential as a promising therapeutic agent for improving periodontal inflammation and bone formation.
Subject(s)
Bone Resorption , Chalcones , Osteogenesis , Rats , Animals , Sincalide/pharmacology , Cell Differentiation , Periodontal Ligament , Cells, CulturedABSTRACT
To investigate the incidence and explore the risk factors of venous thromboembolism (VTE) within 6 months after kidney transplantation. Total of 331 kidney transplant recipients were assessed by venous ultrasonography for VTE at 14 days, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months post-transplantation. Cox forward regression were used to identify the independent risk factors of VTE. This study registration number is ChiCTR1900020567 and the date of registration was 2019/01/08. The cumulative incidence of VTE was 2.72% (9/331) within 6 months after transplant. 77.8% (7/9) of VTEs occurred in the first 3 months post-transplantation. 88.9% (1/9) of VTEs were asymptomatic, 66.7% (6/9) of VTEs were mural thromboses and in the right lower extremity. Central vena catheterization (HR = 6.94) and severe pulmonary disease (including pneumonia) (HR = 57.35) were the risk factors for VTE in kidney transplantation recipients. KT patients are the high risk population of VTE. Future interventions should be strengthen for KT patients to receive a minimum of 3-month of precautionary measures for VTE, including infection prevention, and strengthening thromboprophylaxis on the CVC or transplanted side of lower extremity.
Subject(s)
Kidney Transplantation , Venous Thromboembolism , Humans , Venous Thromboembolism/epidemiology , Venous Thromboembolism/etiology , Venous Thromboembolism/prevention & control , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Incidence , Prospective Studies , Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects , Risk Factors , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Reference intervals (RIs) of laboratory testing play a fundamental role in medical activities. RIs vary greatly for populations in different areas This study aimed to evaluate the age- and sex-specific reference intervals for a healthy population in a typical city of northern China. A cross-sectional study was performed in 4 tertiary care centers of Shijiazhuang of China, biochemical analytes were analyzed using a Beckman Coulter AU5800 (Beckman Coulter Inc., Brea, CA). A total of 42,979 healthy individuals were involved in this study. Grouped by age- and sex-specific, reference intervals of all the measures have been established. We found that different age groups of males and females have significant differences (all P < .001) in levels of various biochemical analytes. We provided a comprehensive age- and sex-specific RIs for biochemical analytes, which showed dynamic changes with both age and sex. For the local population, the reference intervals established here can be adopted in other clinical laboratories after appropriate validation.
Subject(s)
Clinical Laboratory Services , Male , Female , Humans , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Reference Values , Reference Standards , ChinaABSTRACT
The rapid accumulation of single-cell RNA-seq data has provided rich resources to characterize various human cell populations. However, achieving accurate cell-type annotation using public references presents challenges due to inconsistent annotations, batch effects, and rare cell types. Here, we introduce SELINA (single-cell identity navigator), an integrative and automatic cell-type annotation framework based on a pre-curated reference atlas spanning various tissues. SELINA employs a multiple-adversarial domain adaptation network to remove batch effects within the reference dataset. Additionally, it enhances the annotation of less frequent cell types by synthetic minority oversampling and fits query data with the reference data using an autoencoder. SELINA culminates in the creation of a comprehensive and uniform reference atlas, encompassing 1.7 million cells covering 230 distinct human cell types. We substantiate its robustness and superiority across a multitude of human tissues. Notably, SELINA could accurately annotate cells within diverse disease contexts. SELINA provides a complete solution for human single-cell RNA-seq data annotation with both python and R packages.
Subject(s)
Coleoptera , Minority Groups , Humans , Animals , SeizuresABSTRACT
Understanding gene expression patterns across different human cell types is crucial for investigating mechanisms of cell type differentiation, disease occurrence and progression. The recent development of single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) technologies significantly boosted the characterization of cell type heterogeneities in different human tissues. However, the huge number of datasets in the public domain also posed challenges in data integration and reuse. We present Human Universal Single Cell Hub (HUSCH, http://husch.comp-genomics.org), an atlas-scale curated database that integrates single-cell transcriptomic profiles of nearly 3 million cells from 185 high-quality human scRNA-seq datasets from 45 different tissues. All the data in HUSCH were uniformly processed and annotated with a standard workflow. In the single dataset module, HUSCH provides interactive gene expression visualization, differentially expressed genes, functional analyses, transcription regulators and cell-cell interaction analyses for each cell type cluster. Besides, HUSCH integrated different datasets in the single tissue module and performs data integration, batch correction, and cell type harmonization. This allows a comprehensive visualization and analysis of gene expression within each tissue based on single-cell datasets from multiple sources and platforms. HUSCH is a flexible and comprehensive data portal that enables searching, visualizing, analyzing, and downloading single-cell gene expression for the human tissue atlas.
Subject(s)
Gene Expression Profiling , Single-Cell Analysis , Transcriptome , Humans , Cell Differentiation , Databases, Factual , Sequence Analysis, RNA , Atlases as TopicABSTRACT
Current knowledge of the spatiotemporal patterns of changes in soil moisture-based terrestrial aridity has considerable uncertainty. Using Standardized Soil Moisture Index (SSI) calculated from multi-source merged data sets, we find widespread drying in the global midlatitudes, and wetting in the northern subtropics and in spring between 45°N-65°N, during 1971-2016. Formal detection and attribution analysis shows that human forcings, especially greenhouse gases, contribute significantly to the changes in 0-10 cm SSI during August-November, and 0-100 cm during September-April. We further develop and apply an emergent constraint method on the future SSI's signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios and trends under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 5-8.5. The results show continued significant presence of human forcings and more rapid drying in 0-10 cm than 0-100 cm. Our findings highlight the predominant human contributions to spatiotemporally heterogenous terrestrial aridification, providing a basis for drought and flood risk management.
Subject(s)
Droughts , Soil , Humans , Seasons , DesiccationABSTRACT
Inland waters serve as important hydrological connections between the terrestrial landscape and oceans but are often overlooked in global carbon (C) budgets and Earth System Models. Terrestrially derived C entering inland waters from the watershed can be transported to oceans but over 83% is either buried in sediments or emitted to the atmosphere before reaching oceans. Anthropogenic pressures such as climate and landscape changes are altering the magnitude of these C fluxes in inland waters. Here, we synthesize the most recent estimates of C fluxes and the differential contributions across inland waterbody types (rivers, streams, lakes, reservoirs, and ponds), including recent measurements that incorporate improved sampling methods, small waterbodies, and dried areas. Across all inland waters, we report a global C emission estimate of 4.40 Pg C/year (95% confidence interval: 3.95-4.85 Pg C/year), representing a 13% increase from the most recent estimate. We also review the mechanisms by which the most globally widespread anthropogenically driven climate and landscape changes influence inland water C fluxes. The majority of these drivers are expected to influence terrestrial C inputs to inland waters due to alterations in terrestrial C quality and quantity, hydrological pathways, and biogeochemical processing. We recommend four research priorities for the future study of anthropogenic alterations to inland water C fluxes: (1) before-and-after measurements of C fluxes associated with climate change events and landscape changes, (2) better quantification of C input from land, (3) improved assessment of spatial coverage and contributions of small inland waterbodies to C fluxes, and (4) integration of dried and drawdown areas to global C flux estimates. Improved measurements of inland water C fluxes and quantification of uncertainty in these estimates will be vital to understanding both terrestrial C losses and the "moving target" of inland water C emissions in response to rapid and complex anthropogenic pressures.
Subject(s)
Carbon , Lakes , Atmosphere , Climate Change , Ecosystem , Rivers , WaterABSTRACT
Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the incidence and associated factors of complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS I) in patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for radial head fractures. Methods: The study enrolled 601 radial head fracture patients treated with ORIF, 523 of which completed the 1-year follow-up. The incidence of CRPS I in those patients was assessed using the Budapest criteria. Patients were then divided into 2 groups: patients with CRPS I (n = 28) and patients without CRPS I (n = 495). The patients' demographic and clinical data before the operation were prospectively collected by our team. Independent t-tests and χ 2 tests were used as univariate analyses to compare the demographic and clinical data between the two groups. Meanwhile, multivariate regression analysis was conducted to identify the associated risk factors for CRPS I. Results: The incidence of CRPS I in patients with radial head fractures treated with ORIF was 5.5% during the first year following surgery. Significant differences were observed in age, gender, type of trauma, modified Mason Classification, and depressive personality disorders. The logistic regression analysis revealed that the female gender, modified Mason type III fractures, and depressive patients were significantly more likely to develop CRPS I (p=0.021, 0.023, and 0.025, respectively). Conclusions: The incidence of CRPS I among radial head fracture patients undergoing ORIF was 5.5%. In addition, early detection of CRPS I and providing adequate intervention will likely result in greater benefits for those patients.
Subject(s)
Complex Regional Pain Syndromes , Radius Fractures , Complex Regional Pain Syndromes/epidemiology , Complex Regional Pain Syndromes/etiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Open Fracture Reduction , Prevalence , Radius Fractures/epidemiology , Radius Fractures/surgeryABSTRACT
Reliable projections of wildfire and associated socioeconomic risks are crucial for the development of efficient and effective adaptation and mitigation strategies. The lack of or limited observational constraints for modeling outputs impairs the credibility of wildfire projections. Here, we present a machine learning framework to constrain the future fire carbon emissions simulated by 13 Earth system models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6), using historical, observed joint states of fire-relevant variables. During the twenty-first century, the observation-constrained ensemble indicates a weaker increase in global fire carbon emissions but higher increase in global wildfire exposure in population, gross domestic production, and agricultural area, compared with the default ensemble. Such elevated socioeconomic risks are primarily caused by the compound regional enhancement of future wildfire activity and socioeconomic development in the western and central African countries, necessitating an emergent strategic preparedness to wildfires in these countries.
Subject(s)
Fires , Wildfires , Carbon , Machine Learning , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Chinese population. METHODS: We enrolled 14189 individuals who attended their annual health examinations in the study. We performed the anthropometric and laboratory measurements and diagnosed NAFLD by hepatic ultrasonography without evidence of other etiologies of chronic liver disease. Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and chi-squared (χ 2) test was used to compare the differences of clinical characteristics between participants with or without NAFLD. Pearson's and Spearman's analyses were performed to assess the correlation of MHR and NAFLD risk factors. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore whether MHR associated with NAFLD. RESULTS: Thirty-five percent of the participants enrolled were diagnosed with NAFLD. Compared with healthy controls, NAFLD patients were male predominant, older, and had higher body mass index, waist circumference, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as higher levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transferase, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin A1c, and serum uric acid, but lower levels of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Besides, MHR was significantly higher in NAFLD patients than healthy controls [5.35 (4.18-6.84) versus 4.53 (3.48-5.93), P < 0.001]. MHR quartiles were positively related to the prevalence of NAFLD (P < 0.001 for trend). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, MHR was positively associated with the risk of NAFLD after adjusting age, gender, body mass index, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, alanine aminotransferase, triglyceride, total cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, and serum uric acid (OR: 1.026, 95% CI: 1.002-1.052; P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS: MHR is significantly and positively associated with the risk of NAFLD.
Subject(s)
Cholesterol, HDL/physiology , Monocytes/physiology , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/etiology , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has become the second most diagnosed malignant tumors worldwide. As our long-term interests in seeking nanomaterials to develop strategies of cancer therapies, we herein constructed novel CoFe2O4-quantum dots (QDs) with outstanding synergistic photothermal/photodynamic property which suppressed NSCLC efficiently without apparent toxicity. We showed that the combination of CoFe2O4-QDs + NIR treatment induces apoptosis of NSCLC cells. In addition, the CoFe2O4-QDs + NIR treatment also promotes reactive oxygen species generation to trigger cell death through regulating PI3K/AKT pathway. Moreover, the CoFe2O4-QDs + NIR treatment successfully eliminates tumor xenografts in vivo without apparent toxic effects. Taken together, we reported that the novel nanomaterials CoFe2O4-QDs could exhibit enhanced synergistic photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy effect on killing NSCLC without toxicity, which could be a promising photosensitizer for NSCLC therapy.
ABSTRACT
The 2015-2016 El Niño was one of the strongest on record, but its influence on the carbon balance is less clear. Using Northern Hemisphere atmospheric CO2 observations, we found both detrended atmospheric CO2 growth rate (CGR) and CO2 seasonal-cycle amplitude (SCA) of 2015-2016 were much higher than that of other El Niño events. The simultaneous high CGR and SCA were unusual, because our analysis of long-term CO2 observations at Mauna Loa revealed a significantly negative correlation between CGR and SCA. Atmospheric inversions and terrestrial ecosystem models indicate strong northern land carbon uptake during spring but substantially reduced carbon uptake (or high emissions) during early autumn, which amplified SCA but also resulted in a small anomaly in annual carbon uptake of northern ecosystems in 2015-2016. This negative ecosystem carbon uptake anomaly in early autumn was primarily due to soil water deficits and more litter decomposition caused by enhanced spring productivity. Our study demonstrates a decoupling between seasonality and annual carbon cycle balance in northern ecosystems over 2015-2016, which is unprecedented in the past five decades of El Niño events.
Subject(s)
Ecosystem , El Nino-Southern Oscillation , Atmosphere , Carbon , Carbon Cycle , Carbon DioxideABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: A low serum vitamin D concentration has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, whether lean or obese individuals show a similar association between vitamin D and NAFLD remains speculative. This study aimed to explore the relationship between serum vitamin D concentration and NAFLD in lean and obese Chinese adults. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 2538 participants (1360 men and 1178 women) who underwent health checkups at the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine in 2019. NAFLD was diagnosed by liver ultrasound excluding other causes. The association of serum vitamin D concentration with NAFLD was analyzed in lean and obese participants. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of NAFLD was 33.61% (13.10% in lean and 53.32% in obese) in this study population. The serum vitamin D levels of obese NAFLD patients were lower than those of obese NAFLD-free controls. However, the serum vitamin D levels of lean NAFLD patients were comparable to those of lean NAFLD-free controls. Serum vitamin D level was negatively correlated with the prevalence of NAFLD in obese but not lean participants. Serum vitamin D level was independently associated with the risk of NAFLD in obese participants, with an adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) of 0.987 (0.981-0.993). However, serum vitamin D level was not related to the risk of NAFLD in lean participants. CONCLUSIONS: A low serum vitamin D level is associated with NAFLD in obese but not lean participants.
Subject(s)
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Ultrasonography , Vitamin DABSTRACT
Aims: Slow decomposition and isolation from groundwater mean that ombrotrophic peatlands store a large amount of soil carbon (C) but have low availability of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). To better understand the role these limiting nutrients play in determining the C balance of peatland ecosystems, we compile comprehensive N and P budgets for a forested bog in northern Minnesota, USA. Methods: N and P within plants, soils, and water are quantified based on field measurements. The resulting empirical dataset are then compared to modern-day, site-level simulations from the peatland land surface version of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (ELM-SPRUCE). Results: Our results reveal N is accumulating in the ecosystem at 0.2 ± 0.1 g N m-2 year-1 but annual P inputs to this ecosystem are balanced by losses. Biomass stoichiometry indicates that plant functional types differ in N versus P limitation, with trees exhibiting a stronger N limitation than ericaceous shrubs or Sphagnum moss. High biomass and productivity of Sphagnum results in the moss layer storing and cycling a large proportion of plant N and P. Comparing our empirically-derived nutrient budgets to ELM-SPRUCE shows the model captures N cycling within dominant plant functional types well. Conclusions: The nutrient budgets and stoichiometry presented serve as a baseline for quantifying the nutrient cycling response of peatland ecosystems to both observed and simulated climate change. Our analysis improves our understanding of N and P dynamics within nutrient-limited peatlands and represents a crucial step toward improving C-cycle projections into the twenty-first century.