Association Between Family Atmosphere and Internet Addiction Among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem and Negative Emotions.

Objectives: Family atmosphere is a significant predictor of internet addiction in adolescents. Based on the vulnerability model of emotion and the compensatory internet use theory, this study examined whether self-esteem and negative emotions (anxiety, depression) mediated the relationship between family atmosphere and internet addiction in parallel and sequence. Methods: A total of 3,065 Chinese middle school and high school students (1,524 females, mean age = 13.63 years, SD = 4.24) participated. They provided self-reported data on demographic variables, family atmosphere, self-esteem, anxiety, depression, and internet addiction through the Scale of Systemic Family Dynamic, Self-Esteem Scale, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale, and Internet Addiction Test, respectively. We employed Hayes PROCESS macro for the SPSS program to scrutinize the suggested mediation model. Results: It revealed that self-esteem, anxiety, and depression mediated the relationship between family atmosphere and internet addiction in parallel and sequence. The pathway of family atmosphere-self-esteem-internet addiction played a more important role than others. Conclusion: The present study confirmed the mediating role of self-esteem and negative emotions between family atmosphere and internet addiction, providing intervention studies with important targeting factors.

Expanding the Set of Three-Input Logic Functions in Inverted T-Shaped TFETs.

Three-input logic primitives show high efficiency in logic synthesis compared to traditional two-input logic, which encourages researchers to implement three-input logic gates with emerging nanotechnologies. This paper demonstrates a compact implementation of three-input monotone logic gates based on the inverted T-shaped TFET. Firstly, based on the gate coupling mechanism in the novel inverted T channel, the BTBT current can be suppressed in the vertical or horizontal region to achieve the channel strobe. Therefore, the typical three-input monotone logic functions, Majority, OrAnd, and AndOr, are successfully implemented on a single transistor. Then, a simplified potential model describing gate coupling is established to describe the impact of key device parameters on the logic behavior. Combined with TCAD simulation, the design rules of devices with different logic functions are given. Finally, a series of three-input monotonic logic gates are designed and verified. The results show that the use of the proposed TFETs can effectively save the number of transistors in the three-input logic gate, which indicates that the three-input TFET is a compact and flexible candidate for three-input logic gates.

The Association between Socio-Demographics and Mental Distress Following COVID-19 Vaccination-Mediation of Vaccine Hesitancy.

The COVID-19 vaccine has been administered to over 200 countries and regions. With the unprecedented vaccination scale and speed, vaccination correlated mental health issues should be paid precise attention to. This study aims to assess the association between socio-demographic factors and mental health following vaccination and to analyze the mediation effect of vaccine hesitancy. This study recruited 2112 individuals who took two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine in Shanghai. Structural equation modeling was performed to assess factors associated with anxiety and depression of the vaccinated individuals and the underlying mechanism. The results yielded that vaccine hesitancy partially mediated/suppressed the effect from gender and employment status to anxiety/depression and fully mediated the effects from education to anxiety/depression. This study advanced the understanding of mental health disparity among different socio-demographic groups after vaccination and the impact of vaccine hesitancy on the vaccinated population's mental health. The finding offered insights into the possible mental vulnerability of people holding a hesitant attitude before vaccination and suggested that vaccine hesitancy played a crucial role in people's mental health after vaccination. Health promotion programs can target vaccine hesitancy to prevent unfavorable mental health consequences among specific populations.

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Sargassum fusiforme and its phylogenomic position within phaeophyceae.

Sargassum fusiforme is an important economic seaweed in East Asia. In this study, we characterized the complete chloroplast genome sequence of S. fusiforme using PacBio long-read sequencing technology. It had a circular mapping molecular with the length of 124,286 bp, with a large single-copy region (LSC, 73,437 bp) and a small single copy region (SSC, 40,131 bp) separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs, 5,359 bp). The cp genome contained 173 genes including 139 protein-coding, 6 rRNA, and 28 tRNA genes. The phylogenomic analysis indicated that S. fusiforme is closely related to S. thunbergii.

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Rapid Discrimination of Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Seafood Tegillarca granosa.

Tegillarca granosa samples contaminated artificially by three kinds of toxic heavy metals including zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) were attempted to be distinguished using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technology and pattern recognition methods in this study. The measured spectra were firstly processed by a wavelet transform algorithm (WTA), then the generated characteristic information was subsequently expressed by an information gain algorithm (IGA). As a result, 30 variables obtained were used as input variables for three classifiers: partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF), among which the RF model exhibited the best performance, with 93.3% discrimination accuracy among those classifiers. Besides, the extracted characteristic information was used to reconstruct the original spectra by inverse WTA, and the corresponding attribution of the reconstructed spectra was then discussed. This work indicates that the healthy shellfish samples of Tegillarca granosa could be distinguished from the toxic heavy-metal-contaminated ones by pattern recognition analysis combined with LIBS technology, which only requires minimal pretreatments.

A novel spectral multivariate calibration approach based on a multiple fitting method.

This paper introduces a novel multivariate regression approach based on a multiple fitting algorithm that combines fitting functions to accordingly configure different regression models for the quantitative analysis of spectra data. The novel regression method employs multivariate fitting functions to characterize the potential functional relationship of spectral information and sample information with the corresponding attributes, and uses single fitting function elements as the independent variables for biased parameters to determine the amplitude of each fitting function. The peak width of the different fitting functions and the biased parameters are optimized by a simulated annealing algorithm. After parameter optimization, the fitting functions are superposed together to form a functional super surface, and a multiple fitting regression model is then used to characterize any functional relationship among the spectral variable information, sample information, and the corresponding analyte information. In this paper, a common fitting function, namely the Gaussian function, is used to create multiple fitting regression models. The simulated dataset and two real near infrared spectral datasets were used to validate the multiple fitting regression model. The results are compared to those obtained using partial least squares regression and least squares support vector regression. It is shown that the proposed multiple fitting regression algorithm achieved an accuracy comparable to the two conventional methods. Therefore, the multiple fitting regression is demonstrated to be a useful tool for spectra multivariate regression analysis and may also be suitable for linear and nonlinear multivariate calibration.

[Effects of Dioscorea septemloba on the biomechanical and bone histomorphometric parameters of femur in the ovariectomized rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of the decoction of Rhizoma Dioscoreae septemlobae (RD) on the biomechanical and bone histomorphometric parameters of femur in the ovariectomized rats. METHODS: 25 female Wistar rats without pregnancy and deliver were divided into 5 groups randomly: sham (sham-operation), ovariectomy (OVX), OVX + high dosage RD (4 g/kg x d), OVX + middle dosage RD (2 g/kg x d) and OVX + low dosage RD (1 g/kg x d), n = 5 in every group. After intragastric administration 12-week period continuously, the biomechanical and the bone histomorphometric parameters of the femur of the rats in every group were determined, respectively, including percentage of trabecular bone volume (TBV%), percentage of trabecular osteoid (TOS%), mean osteoid width (MOSW), percentage of mineralizing surface (MdS%), percentage of double mineralizing surface (DMds%), percentage of DMds/MdS (%), percentage of travecular formation surface (TFS%), percentage of trabecular resorption surface (TRS%), mineral apposition rate (MAR), mineralizing lag time (MLT). RESULTS: The maximum loading, deflection, the maximum strain of the femur in the OVX group was 125.78 +/- 15.48 (N), 1.87 +/- 0.22 (mm), 9.34 +/- 1.10 (%), it was significantly lower than that in the sham group ( P< 0.05, P < 0.01), respectively. The maximum loading and maximum stress was increased in different extent in the every dose group of OVX + RD, respectively. TBV% of femur was significantily lower in the OVX group than that in the sham group (P < 0.01). The MdS%, DMds%, DMds/MdS (%), TOS%, MOSW, TRS%, MAR was significantly higher in the OVX group than that in the sham group, respectively (P < 0.01). In the RA high and middle dosage group, the TBV% of femur was significantly higher than that in the model group (P < 0.05), and the MdS%, DMds%, DMds/MdS (%), TRS%, TOS%, MOSW, MAR was significantly lower than that in the model group, respectively (P < 0.05), and MLT was decurtated slightly (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The decoction of RD can decline the bone turnover and the loss of bone of femur in the ovariectomized rats.

[Fibronectin osteogenic phenotypical expression by fibroblasts in vitro].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the regulator factor of osteogenesis induced by the fibroblast in vitro so as to provide enough seeding cells for the bone tissue engineering. METHODS: The fibroblasts were isolated and purified from granulation of New Zealand rabbits, and they were incubated in the media of fibronectin (FN) 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 microg/ml, respectively, in the experimental groups 1 - 5, but there was no FN in the control group. The markers for osteogenic features were investigated by fibroblast morphogenesis, calcium nodules formation ratios, labeling of tetracycline fluorescence, labeling of 3H-TdR, determination of osteocalcin, and labeling of 3H-proline within 2 weeks. RESULTS: The morphological changes of the fibroblasts were manifested as transference from a long spindle to a round or multiple form, shifted nucleus increased in number, confluence and formed multilayered structure. There was a piling-up of calcium crystals that were gradually merged into foggy substances. The foggy substances increased and formed nodules. The calcium nodules formation ratios were as follows: 15.35% +/- 3.45% in the control group, and 53.73% +/- 9.49%, 75.21% +/- 9.80%, 98.34% +/- 15.20%, 61.83% +/- 10.04%, and 45.11% +/- 8.70% in the experimental groups 1-5, respectively. There was a significant difference between the control group and the 5 experimental groups at 14 days (P < 0.05), and a significant difference between the experimental group 3 and the other experimental groups at 14 days (P < 0.05). The histochemical study on the nodules with the specific labeling of tetracycline fluorescence indicated that the nodules were composed of new bones. CONCLUSION: Fibronectin can stimulate the fibroblast to proliferate, secrete osteocalcin, and synthesize collagen fibrils. Fibronectin, in an optimal dose of 40-60 microg/ml, is capable of inducing the fibroblast to form the bone.