Evaluation of Health Hazard and Governance Performance of Air Pollution: A Case Study of Z City.

Based on the date of the main pollutant discharge and the change of pollutant concentration in Z city, this study performed the statistical analysis of the concentration data in excel. The data covers 3 years from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2017. An exposure-response relationship model was used established to evaluate the health hazards caused by air pollution and the corresponding economic losses, further analyzing the relationship between air pollution, health hazards, and economic benefits. The results of the study showed that the changes in SO2 and NO2 concentrations in Z City from 2015 to 2017 have a great influence on the mortality rate of the local population, respiratory mortality, the rate of internal medicine of outpatients, and the rate of chronic bronchitis disease. The economic losses between 2015 and 2017 caused by PM10, the primary pollutant in the air, were 3.9 billion, 3.5 billion, and 2.9 billion respectively, accounting for 3.60%, 2.88%, and 2.09% of Z City's GDP, which were enormous. Finally, countermeasures of feasible treatment and in government performance were put forward.

Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Nutritional Diversity among Three Staple Crops and Three Fruits.

More than 2 billion people worldwide are under threat of nutritional deficiency. Thus, an in-depth comprehension of the nutritional composition of staple crops and popular fruits is essential for health. Herein, we performed LC-MS-based non-targeted and targeted metabolome analyses with crops (including wheat, rice, and corn) and fruits (including grape, banana, and mango). We detected a total of 2631 compounds by using non-targeted strategy and identified more than 260 nutrients. Our work discovered species-dependent accumulation of common present nutrients in crops and fruits. Although rice and wheat lack vitamins and amino acids, sweet corn was rich in most amino acids and vitamins. Among the three fruits, mango had more vitamins and amino acids than grape and banana. Grape and banana provided sufficient 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and vitamin B6, respectively. Moreover, rice and grape had a high content of flavonoids. In addition, the three crops contained more lipids than fruits. Furthermore, we also identified species-specific metabolites. The crops yielded 11 specific metabolites, including flavonoids, lipids, and others. Meanwhile, most fruit-specific nutrients were flavonoids. Our work discovered the complementary pattern of essential nutrients in crops and fruits, which provides metabolomic evidence for a healthy diet.

The Clinical Value of the Combined Detection of Enhanced CT, MRI, CEA, and CA199 in the Diagnosis of Rectal Cancer.

BACKGROUND: To explore the clinical value of enhanced computed tomography (enhanced CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and cancer antigen 199 (CA199) in the diagnosis of rectal cancer (RC). METHODS: A total of 156 patients with RC confirmed by postoperative pathology admitted to the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University from March 2018 to November 2020 were included in the malignant group, and 52 patients with chronic proctitis in the benign control group. All patients underwent preoperative enhanced CT, MRI scans, and serum CEA and CA199 tests. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of single and combined enhanced CT, MRI, CEA, and CA199 tests for the clinical staging of RC were calculated. RESULTS: The postoperative pathological diagnosis showed that 35 cases of 156 RC patients were at T1 stage, 29 cases were at T2 stage, 24 cases were at T3 stage, 11 cases were at T4 stage, 23 cases were at N0 stage, 21 cases were at N1 stage, 8 cases were at N2 stage, 3 cases were at M0 stage, and 2 cases were at M1 stage. The positive rate of MRI in the diagnosis of RC was higher than that of enhanced CT. Serum CEA and CA199 levels in the malignant group were significantly increased compared with the benign group. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the combined detection were significantly higher than those of the single detection. CONCLUSION: Compared with enhanced CT, MRI has a higher detection rate of T and N stage in patients with RC. Combined enhanced CT, MRI, CEA, and CA199 can provide more accurate diagnosis and preoperative staging of RC patients.

The Impact of Emotional Labor on User Stickiness in the Context of Livestreaming Service-Evidence From China.

Improving the user stickiness becomes increasingly valued, due to the severe user churn of livestreaming services. Previous studies pay much attention to the influencing factors of technology on user stickiness, ignoring the emotional factors. This study examined the impact of the emotional labor of network anchors (deep acting vs. surface acting) on user stickiness in the context of livestreaming service. We extended prior findings in three ways. The results of Study 1 (i.e., questionnaire method, 305 livestreaming users, and 56.4% females) demonstrated that the emotional labor of network anchor positively influenced user stickiness, and immersion experience plays a mediating role. The results of Study 2 (i.e., situational simulation method, 203 volunteers, and 54.09% females) demonstrated that the deep acting strategies of emotional labor had a stronger effect when compared with surface acting strategies. The results of Study 3 (i.e., situational simulation method, 235 volunteers, and 51.9% females) demonstrated that the effect of emotional labor on user stickiness was stronger for the users with prevention focus compared with promotion focus. Based on the perspective of emotional labor, this study extends the previous research on user stickiness and is valuable for guiding the practice of livestreaming services.

Cross-Species Comparison of Metabolomics to Decipher the Metabolic Diversity in Ten Fruits.

Fruits provide humans with multiple kinds of nutrients and protect humans against worldwide nutritional deficiency. Therefore, it is essential to understand the nutrient composition of various fruits in depth. In this study, we performed LC-MS-based non-targeted metabolomic analyses with ten kinds of fruit, including passion fruit, mango, starfruit, mangosteen, guava, mandarin orange, grape, apple, blueberry, and strawberry. In total, we detected over 2500 compounds and identified more than 300 nutrients. Although the ten fruits shared 909 common-detected compounds, each species accumulated a variety of species-specific metabolites. Additionally, metabolic profiling analyses revealed a constant variation in each metabolite's content across the ten fruits. Moreover, we constructed a neighbor-joining tree using metabolomic data, which resembles the single-copy protein-based phylogenetic tree. This indicates that metabolome data could reflect the genetic relationship between different species. In conclusion, our work enriches knowledge on the metabolomics of fruits, and provides metabolic evidence for the genetic relationships among these fruits.

Classification of Obviously Asymmetric Palpebral Fissures and Correction Based on Double Eyelid Surgery of the Primary Type.

Bilateral palpebral fissures (PF) are rarely symmetrical. Palpebral plastic surgery is common in the Chinese population. This study aimed to assess the classification of obviously asymmetric palpebral fissures (OAPF). In addition, double eyelid surgery-based correction for the primary subtype was examined. Various clinical signs and etiologies were examined, and OAPF were classified into 3 subtypes: primary, secondary, and aging. For the secondary and aging subtypes, curative surgeries target the relevant underlying conditions. Patients with the primary subtype underwent corrective surgery based on double eyelid operation. After 8 to 12 months of follow-up, the corrective effects of different surgeries were evaluated in patients (n = 48) with primary OAPF. Satisfying look was obtained in all 48 cases, with smooth double eyelid lines and shapes, and no overt asymmetry between the 2 eyes. Thirteen patients developed hypophasis after levator plication, which was resolved within 1 month. Preoperative and postoperative PF were significantly different (1.48 ±â€Š0.24 versus 0.19 ±â€Š0.09 mm; P < 0.05). Overall, patients with OAPF can be classified into the primary, secondary, and aging subtypes. The 48 cases with the primary subtype showed a satisfying look after double eyelid surgery-based correction.

Comparison of diagnostic value of multi-slice spiral CT and MRI for different pathological stages of prostate cancer.

Diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) for different pathological stages of prostate cancer was compared. A total of 112 patients with prostate cancer who underwent surgical pathology in The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University from February 2014 to January 2016 were enrolled as prostate cancer group, and another 100 patients who received physical health examinations during the same period as the normal group. MSCT and MRI scanning were performed on patients in both groups to analyze their diagnostic value for stages A/B and C/D of prostate cancer. Based on the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value generated by the diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in MRI, there was a significant difference in the ADC value between different stages of prostate cancer (P<0.05); the pathological stage was negatively correlated with the ADC value (r=-0.7629, P<0.05), and the higher the stage was, the lower the ADC value was. The sensitivity was significantly higher in the MRI group than that in the MSCT group (92.0 vs. 79.5%, P<0.05), and the specificity was significantly higher in the MRI group than that in the MSCT group (90.0 vs. 70.0%, P<0.05). In the diagnosis of stage A and B of prostate cancer, the diagnostic coincidence rate was 86.7% in the MRI group, and 57.8% in the MSCT group (P<0.05); the misdiagnosis rate and missed diagnosis rate were significantly lower in the MRI group than those in the MSCT group (P<0.05). The accuracy of MRI is higher than that of MSCT in the diagnosis of early prostate cancer. Both MRI and MSCT can accurately detect stages C and D of prostate cancer, but the ADC value in MRI has great clinical significance for judging the risk of the tumor. Therefore, MRI is more valuable than MSCT in the diagnosis of patients with different pathological stages of prostate cancer.

Association between vegetables and fruits consumption and depressive symptoms in a middle-aged Chinese population: An observational study.

There is scarce evidence regarding the association between the consumption of vegetables and fruits and depressive symptoms in Chinese population. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the influence of vegetables and fruits consumption on depressive symptoms in a middle-aged Chinese population. This study comprised 1676 Chinese adults aged between 45 and 59 years, who participated in a Health Survey at the time of periodic checkup in the city of Linyi, Shandong Province, China. Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. Log-binomial regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between the consumption of vegetables and fruits and depressive symptoms. A total of 53 participants (3.2%) were classified as having depressive symptoms. After adjustment for confounding variables, participants in the highest quartile of the fruits consumption and vegetables consumption had lower prevalence ratio (PR) for depressive symptoms (PR = 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.603-0.974, P = .042; PR = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.612-0.977, P = .045) than those in the lowest quartile. Moreover, those in the highest quartile of total vegetables and fruits consumption had also a lower PR of depressive symptoms (PR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.503-0.806, P = .037) than did those in the lowest quartile.Our findings indicate that higher consumption of vegetables and fruits is significantly associated with a lower risk of depressive symptoms. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Dietary patterns derived by factor analysis are associated with cognitive function among a middle-aged and elder Chinese population.

The aim of this study was to assess the association of empirically derived dietary patterns with cognitive function among a middle-aged and elder Chinese population. This study comprised 1676 Chinese adults ≥45 years of age, who participated in a Health Survey and completed semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and cognitive screening test in the city of Linyi.We performed factor analysis using the principal component analysis method to identify the major dietary patterns. Binary logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratio(OR) and 95% confidence interval(CI) for cognitive impairment according to quartiles of each dietary pattern score. Three dietary patterns were identified, namely traditional Chinese, Western-style and grains-fruits-vegetable patterns. A total of 362 participants (101 men and 261 women) were classified as cognitive impaired. After controlling for potential confounders, participants in the highest quartile of the Western-style pattern had a greater OR for incident cognitive impairment, compared to participants in the lowest quartile. Compared with the lowest quartile of grains-fruits-vegetable pattern, the highest quartile had a lower OR for incident cognitive impairment. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that the Western-style pattern is associated with an elevated risk and the grains-fruits-vegetables pattern is associated with a decreased risk of cognitive impairment.

Evaluation of pulmonary vein anatomy using 256-slice computed tomography

Background/aim: This study aimed to evaluate pulmonary vein (PV) anatomy using 256-slice computed tomography (CT), which may be necessary for electrophysiologists to know before radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) therapy.Materials and methods: A total of 102 patients with paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation underwent 256-slice cardiac CT angiography prior to catheter ablation. PV morphology, ostial diameter, ostial orientation, and distance from ostium to first bifurcation were evaluated using three-dimensional volume-rendering and multiplanar-reformatting technology. Results: We found that 72.5% of patients had four conventional PVs. On the right, 22.5% of patients had one accessory PV, 4.9% had 2 accessory PVs, 1% had one common PV, and 1% had one top vein. On the left, 27.5% of patients had one common PV. Additionally, 9.8% of patients had bilateral PV variation. Ostial size was larger for superior PVs than inferior PVs and larger for right PVs than left PVs. PV ostia on the right tended to be more circular. There was a rather wide variation of projective angle and distance from ostium to first bifurcation. Early branching occurred more often in the right inferior PV. Conclusion: 256-Slice CT can depict PV anatomy and afford substantial data, which will help electrophysiologists conduct the RFCA procedure safely and efficiently.

An observational study on the relationship between serum uric acid and hypertension in a Northern Chinese population aged 45 to 59 years.

Little is known about the relationship serum uric acid (SUA) and hypertension in Chinese population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the association between SUA and hypertension in a northern Chinese population. The participants were a group of 1730 Chinese adults aged 45 to 59 years in Shandong Province, who were recruited from the Linyi Nutrition and Health Survey (2015-2016). Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg. Hyperuricemia was defined as SUA >420 µmol/L (7.0 mg/dL) for men and >360 µmol/L (6.0 mg/dL) for women. All anthropometric measurements and biochemical data were collected following standard protocols. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between SUA and hypertension with adjustment of confounding variables. Body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, SUA, and the prevalence of hypertension and hyperuricemia were significantly higher in males than in females (P < .001). The females had significantly higher levels of total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Besides, after adjustment for confounding variables, hyperuricemia was associated with an increased risk of hypertension in both male and female patients, with odds ratios of 2.152 (95% confidence interval 1.324-3.498) and 2.133(95% confidence interval 1.409-3.229), respectively.Hyperuricemia was significantly associated with the risk of hypertension. Further longitudinal studies and trails are needed to confirm our findings.

[Effects of electroacupuncture on the expression of nestin in endogenous neural stem cell in hippocampus in rats with focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of electroacupuncture for treating focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS: Seventy-five Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control group, a model group and an electroacupuncture group, 25 cases in each group. The model of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion was established by inserting nylon thread into the internal carotid artery except the control group which was only separated of the carotid artery without occlusion. Electroacupuncture group was treated with electroacupuncture at "Baihui (GV 20)" and "Dazhui (GV 14)" and the other groups without electroacupuncture treatment. The number of nestin positive cells expression at 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th and 21st days after focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion was observed by use of immunohistochemistry method. RESULTS: The number of nestin positive cells in electroacupuncture group at ischemia side was significantly more than that in the model group at 3rd, 7th, 14th and 21st days (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and at contralateral ischemia side, the number of nestin positive cells in the electroacupuncture group was significantly more than that in the model group only at 7th day (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Electroacupuncture at "Baihui (GV 20)" and "Dazhui (GV 14)" in rats can increase the number of nestin positive cells in hippocampus after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, which may be one of the important mechanisms of electroacupuncture in treating acute cerebral ischemic diseases.