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1.
J Food Sci ; 77(6): C627-31, 2012 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22583190

ABSTRACT

Dynamic-headspace sampling with a standard-addition method was employed to quantitatively analyze aliphatic lactones in rendered fat from marbled beef and to evaluate the effect of the matrix on volatility. Further, the effects of different levels of the antioxidant α-tocopherol on lactone formation were examined. The slopes of the linear regression curves from the standard-addition method were significantly changed (P < 0.05 or 0.01) for all lactones after storage, with the exception of γ-octalactone, indicating the volatility of the longer-chain lactones were increased after storage. The concentrations of γ-lactones were increased after 7 d of storage at 2 °C (P < 0.01), and the α-tocopherol content in the meat affected the formation of γ-octalactone (P < 0.05) and γ-nonalactone (P < 0.01). The greatest increase was observed for γ-nonalactone in the lowest α-tocopherol (2.9 ppm) group: the concentration of 51.4 ppb was 11.7-fold higher than that before storage. Meanwhile, δ-tetradecalactone in the highest α-tocopherol (28.8 ppm) group showed the highest concentration for the lactones at 415.8 ppb, which was 2.6-fold higher than the concentration before storage. The effect of α-tocopherol was unclear for the δ-lactones. The results indicate that most of the γ-lactones are produced by oxidation during storage but that the other lactones are also generated by other processes as well.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants/chemistry , Dietary Fats/analysis , Food Preservatives/chemistry , Food Storage , Lactones/analysis , Meat/analysis , alpha-Tocopherol/chemistry , Animals , Animals, Inbred Strains , Cattle , Cold Temperature , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Japan , Lactones/chemistry , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Molecular Structure , Oxidation-Reduction/drug effects , Stereoisomerism , Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/analysis , Volatilization
2.
Anim Sci J ; 81(3): 369-76, 2010 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20597895

ABSTRACT

We have established an analysis method for some free amino acids (FAAs), as well as taurine (Tau), anserine (Ans) and carnosine (Car), in a fresh biopsy sample from cattle muscle. A series of model biopsy samples, corresponding to the mixtures of lean meat, fat and connective tissue, was prepared and showed high correlation coefficients between the compound concentration and the 3-methylhistidine (3-MeHis) content derived from hydrolysis of the biopsy sample (r = 0.74-0.95, P < 0.01). Interference from blood contamination could not be neglected, because the concentration of some FAAs in blood was comparable to that in muscle. However, it was possible to control the contamination of Tau, Ans, Car, glutamic acid, glutamine, asparatic acid and alanine to less than 5.0% when the blood contamination was controlled to less than 23%.These results suggest the necessity of measuring 3-MeHis as an index of lean meat and hemoglobin as an index of blood contamination when compounds in muscle biopsy samples are evaluated. We have carried out a series of these analyses using one biopsy sample and reveal differences in Tau, Ans, Car and some FAAs in beef muscle after different feeding regimes.


Subject(s)
Amino Acids/analysis , Anserine/analysis , Biopsy/veterinary , Carnosine/analysis , Cattle/metabolism , Muscle, Skeletal/chemistry , Taurine/analysis , Animals
3.
Meat Sci ; 81(2): 382-90, 2009 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22064178

ABSTRACT

The histochemical properties, collagen content and architecture of Musculus longissimusthoracis (LT), Musculus pectoralis profundus (PP) and Musculus biceps femoris (BF) were compared in F(1) (half blood) and F(2) (quarter blood) wild boar crossbred pigs and commercial hybrid pigs, and Japanese wild pigs. F(1) pigs showed the lowest growth rate, followed by F(2) pigs. The most rapid growth was shown by the commercial pigs. The percentage weights of LT and PP muscle to body weight were larger in the wild boar crossbred pigs than commercial pigs. The muscles of the crossbred pigs contained type I and IIA myofibers at higher frequency and type IIB at lower frequency than the commercial pigs, except for LT muscle of F(2) pigs. The myofiber diameter in each type of muscle did not differ between pigs except for the smaller type IIA in BF muscle in commercial pigs. The total amount of intramuscular collagen was less in LT muscles than the others. More intramuscular collagen was found in the wild boar crossbred pigs than the commercial pigs in LT and PP muscles. With an increase of collagen content, the perimysial collagen architecture developed but not the endomysial architecture. Traits characteristic of the crossbred pigs seem to be inherited from the wild boar. Our results clarify that cross breeding with wild boar results in pigs with distinctive muscle characteristics in terms of histochemical properties, collagen content and architecture.

4.
Br J Nutr ; 94(2): 275-81, 2005 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16115363

ABSTRACT

The effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), linoleic acid (LA), and their combinations, on skin composition in mice were investigated. Mice (8 weeks old) were orally administered with either LA, GLA, CLA, LA + GLA, LA + CLA, or CLA + GLA for 4 weeks. Then, the skin was analysed for triacylglycerol content, fatty acid composition and collagen content. Additionally, thicknesses of the dermis layer and subcutaneous tissue layer, and the size and number of adipocytes were measured histologically. The skin fatty acid composition was modified depending upon the fatty acid composition of supplemented oils. In each oil-alone group, skin triacylglycerol content was the highest in LA, followed by GLA and CLA treatments. Combinations with CLA had a similar triacylglycerol content compared with the CLA-alone group. No significant changes in collagen content were observed among any treatments. The effects on subcutaneous thickness were similar to the results obtained in the triacylglycerol contents, where groups supplemented with CLA alone or other fatty acids had significantly thinner subcutaneous tissue compared with the LA-alone group. However, no significant difference was detected in the thickness of the dermis layers. The number of adipocytes was highest in the LA + GLA group and tended to be reduced by CLA with or without the other fatty acids. These results suggest that CLA alone or in combination with other fatty acids strongly modifies skin composition in mice.


Subject(s)
Linoleic Acid/administration & dosage , Linoleic Acids, Conjugated/administration & dosage , Skin/drug effects , gamma-Linolenic Acid/administration & dosage , Administration, Oral , Animals , Dermis/anatomy & histology , Dermis/drug effects , Dermis/ultrastructure , Male , Mice , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning/methods , Skin/chemistry , Skin/ultrastructure , Subcutaneous Tissue/anatomy & histology , Subcutaneous Tissue/drug effects , Subcutaneous Tissue/ultrastructure , Triglycerides/analysis
5.
Phytother Res ; 19(4): 294-7, 2005 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16041770

ABSTRACT

The influence of 3.3% Garcinia cambogia extract on the properties of mouse skin with or without 10% sucrose water loading was investigated. Mice (7-week-old) were given free access to a control diet or a diet containing Garcinia cambogia extract. They were also given water alone or both water and sucrose water. Their skin was compared by both biochemical and histological methods. The collagen and triacylglycerol contents were not significantly different among the four groups. Similarly, electron microscopy revealed no differences in the thickness of the dermis layer or the subcutaneous tissue layer. Mice given the diet containing Garcinia cambogia tended to have a reduced total number of adipocytes, but not significantly. These results suggest that Garcinia cambogia supplementation for at least 4 weeks does not induce a negative effect on skin properties in mice irrespective of excessive sucrose intake.


Subject(s)
Anti-Obesity Agents/pharmacology , Garcinia cambogia , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Skin/drug effects , Administration, Oral , Animals , Anti-Obesity Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Obesity Agents/therapeutic use , Collagen/metabolism , Dietary Carbohydrates/administration & dosage , Dietary Carbohydrates/metabolism , Female , Mice , Mice, Inbred Strains , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Skin/metabolism , Sucrose/administration & dosage , Sucrose/metabolism , Triglycerides/metabolism
6.
Lipids ; 38(6): 609-14, 2003 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12934670

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the influence of PUFA on the properties of mouse skin. Mice (3 wk old) were given free access to oils high in linoleic acid, CLA, or DHA for 4 wk. At the end of the experiment, their skins were compared by both biochemical and histological methods. No significant differences in lipid and collagen contents were detected among treatments, although the FA composition in the skin was altered depending upon the FA composition of the supplemented oils. Electron microscopy revealed that the subcutaneous tissue layers in the CLA and DHA groups were significantly thinner than that in the high linoleic acid group, whereas no differences in the thickness of dermis layers were observed among the three groups. These results suggest that skin properties in mice are readily modified by dietary FA sources within 4 wk of dietary oil supplementation.


Subject(s)
Docosahexaenoic Acids/pharmacology , Linoleic Acids, Conjugated/pharmacology , Skin/drug effects , Skin/metabolism , Adipocytes/cytology , Adipocytes/drug effects , Animals , Docosahexaenoic Acids/administration & dosage , Docosahexaenoic Acids/chemistry , Linoleic Acids, Conjugated/administration & dosage , Linoleic Acids, Conjugated/chemistry , Mice , Skin/ultrastructure , Subcutaneous Tissue/drug effects , Subcutaneous Tissue/metabolism , Subcutaneous Tissue/ultrastructure
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