Small and large intestinal cancer in patients with Crohn's disease studied by surgeons.

PURPOSE: The current study summarized the clinical course and treatment outcomes of intestinal cancer in CD seen in our department and explored the steps to take in the future. METHODS: Subjects were patients who had been diagnosed with CD at our hospital and who underwent surgery in our department from 1985 to 2020. RESULTS: Thirty-one patients had CD and intestinal cancer, including 6 with cancer of the small intestine and 25 with cancer of the large intestine. In all six patients with cancer of the small intestine, the site where cancer or a tumor developed was at or near the site of the anastomosis made at a previous surgery. Of the 25 patients with cancer of the large intestine, 22 developed cancer in the rectum or anal region. CONCLUSION: Many of the patients with cancer of the small intestine had previously undergone surgery, and the cancer developed at or near the site of the anastomosis. In patients who have previously undergone resection of the small intestine, the small intestine needs to be examined regularly. Cancer of the large intestine often developed in the rectum or anal region of our patients, so a detailed examination of the same site needs to be performed.

Laparoscopic splenic vessel-preserving distal pancreatectomy after laparoscopic pylorus-preserving gastrectomy: A case report.

A 77-year-old woman who had undergone laparoscopic pylorus-preserving gastrectomy for gastric cancer showed dilatation of the main pancreatic duct in the distal pancreas on ultrasonography during postoperative surveillance. Detailed examination revealed that she had a main-duct type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm with high-risk stigmata. As invasive malignancy was not suggested, laparoscopic splenic vessel-preserving distal pancreatectomy was performed to preserve the remnant stomach. Although adhesions around the gastroduodenostomy and splenic artery were severe, the magnified laparoscopic view facilitated the identification of appropriate dissection layers, resulting in limited blood loss. The distal pancreas was successfully resected without sacrificing blood flow to the remnant stomach. The postoperative course was uneventful. The pathological diagnosis was low-grade intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. Laparoscopic splenic vessel-preserving distal pancreatectomy for benign or low-grade malignant disease of the distal pancreas can be useful for preserving the remnant stomach in patients with a history of gastrectomy.

Inhibitory Effect of Tangeretin and Cardamonin on Human Intestinal SGLT1 Activity In Vitro and Blood Glucose Levels in Mice In Vivo.

Rapid postprandial blood glucose elevation can cause lifestyle-related diseases, such as type II diabetes. The absorption of food-derived glucose is primarily mediated by sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1). Moderate SGLT1 inhibition can help attenuate postprandial blood glucose elevation and prevent lifestyle-related diseases. In this study, we established a CHO cell line stably expressing human SGLT1 and examined the effects of phytochemicals on SGLT1 activity. Among the 50 phytochemicals assessed, tangeretin and cardamonin inhibited SGLT1 activity. Tangeretin and cardamonin did not affect the uptake of L-leucine, L-glutamate, and glycyl-sarcosine. Tangeretin, but not cardamonin, inhibited fructose uptake, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of tangeretin was specific to the monosaccharide transporter, whereas that of cardamonin was specific to SGLT1. Kinetic analysis suggested that the suppression of SGLT1 activity by tangeretin was associated with a reduction in Vmax and an increase in Km, whereas suppression by cardamonin was associated with a reduction in Vmax and no change in Km. Oral glucose tolerance tests in mice showed that tangeretin and cardamonin significantly suppressed the rapid increase in blood glucose levels. In conclusion, tangeretin and cardamonin were shown to inhibit SGLT1 activity in vitro and lower blood glucose level in vivo.

Primary gastric synovial sarcoma resected by laparoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery of the stomach: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Primary gastric synovial sarcoma is extremely rare, only 44 cases have been reported so far, and there have been no reports of laparoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery for this condition. CASE PRESENTATION: A 45-year-old male patient presented with gastric pain. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed that led to the identification of an 8-mm submucosal tumor in the anterior wall of the antrum, and a kit-negative gastrointestinal stromal tumor was suspected following biopsy. On endoscopic ultrasonography, the boundary of the tumor, mainly composed of the second layer, was depicted as a slightly unclear low-echo region, and a pointless no echo region was scattered inside. A boring biopsy revealed synovial sarcoma. Positron emission tomography did not reveal fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) accumulation in the stomach or other organs. Thus, the patient was diagnosed with a primary gastric synovial sarcoma, and laparoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery was performed. The tumor of the antrum could not be confirmed laparoscopically from the serosa, and under intraoperative endoscopy, it had delle on the mucosal surface, which was removed by a method that does not involve releasing the gastric wall. Immunohistochemistry showed that the spindle cells were positive for EMA, BCL-2 protein, TLE-1, and SS18-SSX fusion-specific antibodies but negative for KIT and DOG-1. The final pathological diagnosis was synovial sarcoma of the stomach. The postoperative course was good, and the patient was discharged from the hospital on the 11th postoperative day. CONCLUSION: Resection with laparoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS), which has not been reported before, was effective for small synovial sarcomas that could not be confirmed laparoscopically. With the combination of laparoscopic and endoscopic approaches to neoplasia with a non-exposure technique (CLEAN-NET) procedure, it was possible to excise the tumor with the minimum excision range of the gastric serosa without opening the stomach.

Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm-associated pancreatic cancer: A case report.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas is often found incidentally during examination for other diseases. In addition to the risk of malignant transformation, patients with IPMN are at risk of developing pancreatic cancer. We report a case of pancreatic tail cancer that developed separately from a preexisting IPMN after minimally invasive esophagectomy for cancer of the esophagogastric junction and was resected successfully by laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy. CASE PRESENTATION: A 72-year-old man underwent thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy for esophagogastric junction cancer. He had undergone surgery for ascending colon cancer 20 years ago. At that time, IPMN was confirmed in the pancreatic body by a preoperative examination. Computed tomography was regularly performed for postoperative work-up and follow-up of the IPMN, and a solid lesion with cystic components was detected in the pancreatic tail 9 months after the operation. On detailed examination, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma concomitant with IPMN, accompanied by a retention cyst, was considered. Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy was successfully performed after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Pathological diagnosis of the lesion in the pancreatic tail was of an invasive intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma (ypT3ypN0yM0 ypStageIIA). CLINICAL DISCUSSION: If an IPMN is detected during preoperative examination for malignancies of other organs, careful follow-up is necessary due to the high risk of pancreatic cancer development. Furthermore, initial operation with minimally invasive surgery may reduce adhesion and facilitate subsequent surgeries. CONCLUSION: We have provided evidence that supports the importance of a careful follow-up of IPMNs, even if they are low risk.

[A Case of Anastomotic Stenosis with Reconstructed Small Intestine Mucosal Damage during Taking S-1 Orally after Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer].

An 83-year-old woman underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy and Billroth Ⅱ reconstruction for gastric cancer. Since histopathological examination revealed that the lesion was Stage ⅢA, she had started taking S-1 as an adjuvant chemotherapy 7 weeks after gastrectomy. Seventeen days later after taking S-1 administration, she felt nauseous and self-interrupted. Nineteen days later, she was urgently hospitalized. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)showed anastomotic lumen was open, but reconstructed small intestine mucosal damage was found, and reconstructed small intestine muscle layer was fused to anastomotic region. On 50th day of hospitalization, mucosa was regenerated and endoscopic balloon dilatation (EBD)was performed from 78th day. She was discharged on 151th day of hospitalization after 7 times of EBD. One year later, she does not need EBD and can be taken orally and has no recurrence.

[A Case of Remnant Gastric Cancer That Completely Responded to Neoadjuvant S-1 and Cisplatin Therapy].

A 69-year-old man, who had undergone distal gastrectomy for duodenal ulcer, was diagnosed with remnant gastric cancer and jejunal mesenteric lymph node metastasis. To improve curability, we planned 2 courses of S-1 and cisplatin therapy. After chemotherapy, primary lesion and lymph node metastases reduced in size drastically. Completion gastrectomy and lymph node dissection were performed with curative intent. The tumor was found to have a pathological complete response(pCR) to chemotherapy on histological examination.

[A Case of Locally Far-Advanced Colon Cancer Resected by Laparoscopic Surgery after Colonic Stent Insertion and Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy].

We report a case of locally far-advanced colon cancer resected by laparoscopic surgery after colonic stent insertion and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A 71-year-old man with obstructive symptoms was admitted to our hospital in July 2015. CT revealed a sigmoid colon tumor infiltrating the retroperitoneum and small intestine. Lower gastrointestinal endoscopy showed a sigmoid colon cancer. Self-expandable metallic stent insertion for obstructive colon cancer alleviated the patient's symptoms quickly. Four courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy(XELOX)reduced the primary tumor in size, allowing for laparoscopic surgical resection. Combination therapy with colonic stenting and neoadjuvant chemotherapy can be an effective treatment for obstructive colon cancer. However, further studies and additional cases are needed to assess the safety and efficacy of this combination therapy.

Randomized Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of a Preoperative Respiratory Rehabilitation Program to Prevent Postoperative Pulmonary Complications after Esophagectomy.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Patients with postoperative pulmonary complications after esophagectomy often have increased mortality. The purpose of the study was to examine the efficacy of preventing postoperative pulmonary complications by an intensive preoperative respiratory rehabilitation (PR) program for esophageal cancer patients. METHODS: This study was a prospective randomized controlled study. Thirty patients in the PR group and 30 patients in the no preoperative respiratory rehabilitation (NPR) group were included. The PR group received preoperative rehabilitation for more than 7 days, while the NPR group did not receive any preoperative rehabilitation. All patients underwent postoperative rehabilitation from the first postoperative day. The postoperative pulmonary complications were evaluated using the Clavien-Dindo classification (CDC) and the Utrecht Pneumonia Scoring System (UPSS). RESULTS: The CDC grade in the PR group was significantly lower than that in the NPR group (p = 0.014). The UPSS score in the PR group was significantly lower than that in the NPR group at postoperative day 1 (p = 0.031). In the multivariate analysis, NPR was an independent risk factor for postoperative pulmonary complications greater than CDC grade II (OR: 3.99, 95% CI: 1.28-12.4, p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the intensive PR program was capable of reducing the postoperative pulmonary complications in esophageal cancer patients.

Is the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index a Significant Predictor of Postoperative Complications in Patients with Esophageal Cancer Undergoing Esophagectomy?

BACKGROUND: The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is a new index recently introduced for predicting the risk of nutrition-related complications. The GNRI has mainly been reported as a simple and accurate tool to assess the nutritional status and prognosis of elderly patients. So far, there have been no reports of the GNRI in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Our objective was to examine the association between the GNRI and short-term outcomes, especially postoperative complications, in patients with esophageal cancer who underwent esophagectomy and gastric tube reconstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study enrolled 122 consecutive patients with esophageal cancer who underwent esophagectomy and gastric tube reconstruction. The GNRI at admission to the hospital was calculated as follows: (1.489 × albumin in g/l) + (41.7 × present/ideal body weight). The characteristics and short-term outcomes were compared between two groups: the high (GNRI ≥90) and the low (GNRI <90) GNRI group. The mortality and morbidity rates, especially the rates regarding respiratory complications and anastomotic leakage, were investigated. RESULTS: The mean age of the 122 patients was 63.9 ± 9.1 years (range 43-83). There were no significant differences in either patient or operative characteristics. The low GNRI group had a significantly higher rate of respiratory complications (p = 0.002). A multivariate analysis demonstrated that the GNRI was the only independent significant factor predicting respiratory complications (hazard ratio 3.41, 95% confidence interval 1.19-9.76; p = 0.022). CONCLUSION: The GNRI is considered to be a clinically useful marker that can be used to assess the nutritional status and predict the development of postoperative respiratory complications in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing esophagectomy and gastric tube reconstruction.

Gastric cancer arising from the remnant stomach after distal gastrectomy: a review.

Gastric stump carcinoma was initially reported by Balfore in 1922, and many reports of this disease have since been published. We herein review previous reports of gastric stump carcinoma with respect to epidemiology, carcinogenesis, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, Epstein-Barr virus infection, clinicopathologic characteristics and endoscopic treatment. In particular, it is noteworthy that no prognostic differences are observed between gastric stump carcinoma and primary upper third gastric cancer. In addition, endoscopic submucosal dissection has recently been used to treat gastric stump carcinoma in the early stage. In contrast, many issues concerning gastric stump carcinoma remain to be clarified, including molecular biological characteristics and the carcinogenesis of H. pylori infection. We herein review the previous pertinent literature and summarize the characteristics of gastric stump carcinoma reported to date.

Improvement of high-sensitivity inflammation-based Glasgow prognostic score by gastrectomy is a favorable prognostic factor in patients with gastric cancer.

AIM: The aim of the present study was to clarify the efficacy of inflammation-based Glasgow prognostic score after surgery in patients with gastric cancer and to determine clinicopathological factors affecting score improvement. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Participants in this retrospective study were 236 patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy at the Fukuoka University Hospital. The high-sensitivity inflammation-based Glasgow prognostic score (HS-GPS) (cut-off values: 0.3 mg/dl for C-reactive protein; 3.5 g/dl for albumin) were calculated before and 1 month after surgery, and correlated to clinicopathological parameters and prognosis after surgery. RESULTS: HS-GPS was classified as normal (score 0) in 162 patients and abnormal (score 1 or 2) in 74 patients. Out of the 162 patients with normal HS-GPS before surgery, 62 showed abnormal HS-GPS after surgery, while 26 of the 74 patients with abnormal HS-GPS before surgery improved to normal HS-GPS postoperatively. Abnormal HS-GPS before (p<0.0001) and after (p=0.0002) surgery were unfavorable prognostic factors in univariate analysis. HS-GPS after surgery was an independent prognostic factor (p=0.0324) in multivariate analysis, but HS-GPS before surgery was not. In the sub-group with abnormal HS-GPS before surgery (but not normal HS-GPS before surgery), improved HS-GPS after surgery had a favorable prognostic impact in both uni- (p=0.0039) and multivariate analyses (p=0.0032). CONCLUSION: HS-GPS after surgery may be a valuable prognostic factor in patients with gastric cancer. Supplemental therapy represented by adjuvant chemotherapy might be required for gastric cancer patients showing no improvement in HS-GPS after gastrectomy.

Expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 in primary and paired parenchymal recurrent and/or metastatic sites of gastric cancer.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status has been evaluated at the primary site of gastric cancer when planning trastuzumab therapy against recurrent or metastatic lesions, since tissue sampling is uncommon in recurrent or metastatic lesions. This study retrospectively investigated the concordance of HER2 expression between primary and metastatic/recurrent lesions in order to confirm sensitivity to trastuzumab. The subjects comprised 37 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent tissue biopsy or surgical resection of the primary sites and 49 paired synchronous or metachronous metastatic sites (excluding lymph nodes) at the Fukuoka University Hospital between January, 1998 and September, 2012. All the samples were evaluated for HER2 status at the invasive front by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The HER2 positivity rate of the primary sites was ~16% and the concordance ratio of the IHC results between primary and paired metastatic sites was ~97%. No discordant cases regarding HER2 status were found among metachronous interventions for metastatic lesions. Only one patient exhibited conversion from a HER2-negative status in all the portions of the primary site to a positive status in a metastatic site. In conclusion, a high concordance ratio for HER2 status was observed between primary and paired metastatic lesions. Thus, employing trastuzumab therapy against metastatic or recurrent gastric cancer based on the HER2 status of the primary lesion appears to be an acceptable approach.

The high-sensitivity modified Glasgow prognostic score is superior to the modified Glasgow prognostic score as a prognostic predictor in patients with resectable gastric cancer.

AIM: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the superiority of the high-sensitivity modified Glasgow prognostic score (HS-mGPS) before surgery in patients with gastric cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The participants of this retrospective study comprised 552 patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy at the Fukuoka University Hospital. The HS-mGPS was calculated before surgery based on cutoff values of 0.3 mg/dl for C-reactive protein and 3.5 g/dl for albumin, and correlations between the HS-mGPS and the clinicopathological parameters and prognosis were evaluated. In addition, the superiority of the HS-mGPS to the mGPS as a prognostic indicator was examined in detail. RESULTS: The mGPS was 0 in 494 patients, 1 in 24 patients and 2 in 34 patients. In contrast, the HS-mGPS was 0 in 411 patients, 1 in 75 patients and 2 in 66 patients. Both the mGPS (p < 0.0001) and HS-mGPS (p < 0.0001) were good prognostic predictors in gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy. Of the 494 patients with an mGPS of 0 before surgery, 51 and 32 exhibited an HS-mGPS of 1 and 2, respectively. The patients who exhibited migration in the HS-mGPS demonstrated a significantly more unfavorable prognosis than the patients with an HS-mGPS of 0 (p < 0.0001). The prognostic impact of the HS-mGPS was especially clear in stage I and IV patients (p = 0.0027, p = 0.017). The HS-mGPS was found to be a superior prognostic predictor compared to the mGPS in a multivariate analysis (p = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS: The HS-mGPS before surgery is a superior prognostic predictor in patients with gastric cancer.

A Patient with a Large Gastric Tumor and Protein-Losing Gastroenteropathy Successfully Treated with Neoadjuvant TS-1 Combined with CDDP Therapy.

Gastric cancer with protein-losing gastroenteropathy is relatively rare worldwide. The most important problem for the treatment of these patients is their low nutritional status and protein level, which can cause severe postoperative complications. We report a 49-year-old Japanese female with a large gastric tumor and protein-losing gastroenteropathy successfully treated with neoadjuvant TS-1 combined with CDDP therapy. She had a type 5 tumor with partially cauliflower-like appearance. Her blood chemistry revealed low serum total protein (3.3 g/dl) and low albumin (1.7 g/dl). She was additionally diagnosed with protein-losing gastroenteropathy based on (99m)Tc-human serum albumin scintigraphy. Initial neoadjuvant chemotherapy decreased the size of the tumor and led to a marked improvement in her serum protein levels. She then underwent a total gastrectomy and lymph node dissection (D2) with a combined resection of the spleen and gallbladder. Therefore, neoadjuvant chemotherapy may provide a safe treatment before definitive surgery for gastric cancer with protein-losing gastroenteropathy.