A Computational Toolset for Rapid Identification of SARS-CoV-2, other Viruses, and Microorganisms from Sequencing Data

In this paper, we present a toolset and related resources for rapid identification of viruses and microorganisms from short-read or long-read sequencing data. We present fastv as an ultra-fast tool to detect microbial sequences present in sequencing data, identify target microorganisms, and visualize coverage of microbial genomes. This tool is based on the k-mer mapping and extension method. K-mer sets are generated by UniqueKMER, another tool provided in this toolset. UniqueKMER can generate complete sets of unique k-mers for each genome within a large set of viral or microbial genomes. For convenience, unique k-mers for microorganisms and common viruses that afflict humans have been generated and are provided with the tools. As a lightweight tool, fastv accepts FASTQ data as input, and directly outputs the results in both HTML and JSON formats. Prior to the k-mer analysis, fastv automatically performs adapter trimming, quality pruning, base correction, and other pre-processing to ensure the accuracy of k-mer analysis. Specifically, fastv provides built-in support for rapid SARS-CoV-2 identification and typing. Experimental results showed that fastv achieved 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for detecting SARS-CoV-2 from sequencing data; and can distinguish SARS-CoV-2 from SARS, MERS, and other coronaviruses. This toolset is available at: https://github.com/OpenGene/fastv.

Investigation and Analysis on Doctor-patientTrust in Shandong Province / 中国医学伦理学

From the perspective of both doctors and patients, the questionnaire survey was used in 1080 medi-cal workers and patients in 12 hospitals in Shandong province.They found that is extremely development trend to the doctor-patient relationship, doctor-patient trust evaluation is relevant, doctor-patient both pay attention to the influence factors of the government and society.Both doctors in the building of doctor-patient trust, is atta-ched importance to strengthen the construction of medical ethics of medical personnel, continue to deepen the re-form of the medical system and government regulatory functions into full play.

The Role of the General Practitioners in Aging Society / 中国医学伦理学

China has entered the aging society , in urban communities and rural grassroots their are still many older people lack of health insurance , elderly patients with chronic diseases become the most difficult people to see a doctor, this needs to train more general practitioners to solve these problems .From a macroscopical view , general practitioners can bring substantial economic benefits and broad social benefits .From a microscopic view , they also can make effective use of family medical resources , bring convenient for old people going to a doctor and carry out an important role of health education .Improving the General Practitioner -Elderlyservice mode , the govern-ment needs to further improve the elderly medical service system and security system , vigorously promote grass -roots community health service institutions of medical conditions , develop specialized general medical personnel ac-cording to the needs of the elderly , implement contractual service relationships between general practitioners and the elderly.

Fabrication, characterization and mechanism of a novel Z-scheme photocatalyst NaNbO3/WO3 with enhanced photocatalytic activity.

Development of semiconductor photocatalysts with simultaneous high photooxidation and photoreduction performance is always a hot topic in the photocatalytic field. In this article, a highly active Z-scheme NaNbO3/WO3 photocatalyst was prepared by a facile ball milling method, even though either NaNbO3 or WO3 exhibited relatively much lower photocatalytic activity. The photocatalyst was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron spin resonance technology (ESR), photoluminescence (PL) spectra and UV-Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS). The OH radicals produced during the photocatalytic process were detected by a terephthalic acid photoluminescence probing technique (TA-PL). The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by photocatalytic oxidation of rhodamine B (RhB), methylene blue (MB) and reduction of Cr2O7(2-). The results showed that the photocatalytic activity of the composite was much higher than that of single NaNbO3 and WO3. The first-order kinetic constant of photocatalytic degradation of RhB and MB for NaNbO3/WO3 is 4.9 times and 3.4 times that of pure WO3. The optimum amount of NaNbO3 is 0.5 wt%. The composite photocatalyst shows good stability. It is proposed that the photoexcited electrons in the CB of WO3 and photogenerated holes in the VB of NaNbO3 are quickly combined, so the accumulated rich electrons in the CB of NaNbO3 and holes in the VB of WO3 have powerful potential to produce ˙O2(-) and ˙OH, respectively. The ˙OH, ˙O2(-) and direct h(+) oxidation of WO3 play major roles in the degradation of RhB or MB in the NaNbO3/WO3 system.

Photocatalytic decolorization of soluble dyes by a bis-ions coexistence system of NH4(+) and NO3(-) with high photoreduction ability.

In this paper, we found that the acidic and basic dyes were easily decolorized by a bis-ions coexistence system of NH(4)(+) and NO(3)(-) under UV light irradiation. The coexistence of NH(4)(+) and NO(3)(-) is a necessary condition for the photocatalytic decolorization of soluble dyes. The photocatalytic decolorization of methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) follows the first order rate kinetics. The location of an absorption peak in the visible region is blue-shifted with the increase in the illumination time. It is proposed that the photocatalytic decolorization of soluble dyes in the bis-ions coexistence system of NH(4)(+) and NO(3)(-) is a photoreduction reaction, in which the ammonium nitrate acts as a photocatalyst. The chromophore of acidic and basic dyes reacts with hydrogen and then results in their rapid decolorization.

Preparation, characterization and activity evaluation of TiN/F-TiO2 photocatalyst.

In this paper, F-TiO(2) and TiN/F-TiO(2) nanoparticle photocatalysts were prepared by ball milling. The photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), terephthalic acid photoluminescence probing technique (TA-PL), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV-vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS). The photocatalytic activity of the photocatalysts was evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB). The results showed that the photocatalytic activity of the F-TiO(2) was much higher than that of TiO(2), and the photocatalytic activity of the TiN/F-TiO(2) was much higher than that of TiO(2) and F-TiO(2) under UV light irradiation. The optimum percentage of doped TiN is 0.2 wt.%. Compared with pure TiO(2), the photoabsorption wavelength range of the TiN/F-TiO(2) and F-TiO(2) photocatalysts red shifts and improves the utilization of the total spectrum. The effect of ball milling time on the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalysts was also investigated. The optimum ball milling time is 12 h. The mechanisms of influence on the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalysts were also discussed.

Preparation, characterization and activity evaluation of heterostructure In(2)O(3)/In(OH)(3) photocatalyst.

In this paper, the heterostructure In(2)O(3)/In(OH)(3) photocatalyst was prepared by programmed thermal treatment of In(OH)(3) using In(NO(3))(3).9H(2)O as the precursor. Various characterization methods such as X-ray power diffraction (XRD), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to investigate the structure, morphologies, and optical properties. Terephthalic acid was used as a probe molecule to detect the generation of hydroxyl radicals (OH) on the surface of UV-illuminated photocatalyst by a photoluminescence (PL) technique. The results showed that the photocatalytic activity of the heterostructure In(2)O(3)/In(OH)(3) was higher than that of single In(2)O(3) or In(OH)(3). The increased photocatalytic activity may be attributed to the formation of the heterojunction between In(2)O(3) and In(OH)(3), which suppresses the recombination of photoexcited electrons-hole pairs.

Study on the photocatalytic activity of p-n junction photocatalyst Cu2O/TiO2.

p-n junction photocatalyst Cu2O/TiO2 was prepared by ball milling through doping Cu2O into TiO2 and using H2O solution as disperser. The p-n junction photocatalyst Cu2O/TiO2 was characterized by UV-Vis diffuse reflection spectrum, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst was evaluated by photocatalytic reduction of Cr2O7(2-) and photocatalytic oxidation of methyl orange (MO), respectively. The results showed that, for the photocatalytic reduction of Cr2O7(2-), the optimum percentage of doped-Cu2O is 1.0% (weight percentage). The photoreduction activity of the p-n junction Cu2O/TiO2 is much higher than that of TiO2 on the photocatalytic reduction of Cr2O7(2-). However, the photooxidation activity of the p-n junction photocatalyst Cu2O/TiO2 is much lower than that of TiO2 on the photocatalytic oxidation of methyl orange (MO). Namely, the p-n junction photocatalyst Cu2O/TiO2 has higher photocatalytic reduction activity, but lower photocatalytic oxidation activity. Cu2O and TiO2 were coupled highly, forming the p-n junction Cu2O/TiO2 photocatalyst. The photocatalytic activity of the p-n junction Cu2O/TiO2 was discussed by the p-n junction principle. Effect of ball milling time on the photocatalytic activity of p-n junction photocatalyst Cu2O/TiO2 was also investigated.

Preparation, characterization and activity evaluation of p-n junction photocatalyst p-CaFe2O4/n-Ag3VO4 under visible light irradiation.

p-n junction photocatalyst p-CaFe(2)O(4)/n-Ag(3)VO(4) was prepared by ball milling Ag(3)VO(4) in H(2)O doped with p-type CaFe(2)O(4). The structural and optical properties of the photocatalyst were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-vis diffuse reflection spectrum (DRS). The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation. The results showed that the photocatalytic activity of the p-CaFe(2)O(4)/n-Ag(3)VO(4) was higher than that of Ag(3)VO(4). When the amount of doped p-CaFe(2)O(4) was 2.0 wt.% and the p-CaFe(2)O(4)/n-Ag(3)VO(4) was ball milled for 12h, the photocatalytic degradation efficiency was 85.4%. Effect of ball milling time on the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst was also investigated. The mechanisms of the increase in the photocatalytic activity were discussed by the p-n junction principle.

Titanium dioxide mediated photocatalytic degradation of methamidophos in aqueous phase.

In this paper, the photocatalytic degradation of methamidophos, an organophosphorous pesticide, was investigated in aqueous solution by using TiO(2) as a photocatalyst. The degradation was studied under different conditions such as the amount of the photocatalyst, illumination time, pH of the system, reaction temperature, initial concentration, electron acceptors, metal ions and presence of anions. The results showed that the photocatalytic degradation of methamidophos was strongly influenced by these parameters. The best conditions for the photocatalytic degradation of methamidophos were obtained. The optimum amount of the photocatalyst used is 12.0g/L. The photodegradation efficiency of methamidophos increases with the increase of the illumination time. Alkaline media are favorable for the photocatalytic degradation of methamidophos. The degradation efficiency is enhanced by increasing reaction temperature, and the photodegradation efficiency decreases with the increase in the initial concentration of methamidophos. The photodegradation efficiency of methamidophos is accelerated by adding a small amount of H(2)O(2), K(2)S(2)O(8), KBrO(3), Fe(3+) or Cu(2+). There are no obvious effects on the reactions with the addition of a small amount of Na(+), K(+), Mg(2+), Ca(2+), Zn(2+), Co(2+) and Ni(2+) or adding trace amount of SO(4)(2-), Cl(-), Br(-). The possible roles of the additives on the reactions and the possible mechanisms of effect were also discussed.

Preparation and activity evaluation of p-n junction photocatalyst NiO/TiO2.

p-n Junction photocatalyst NiO/TiO2 was prepared by sol-gel method using Ni(NO3)2.6H2O and tetrabutyl titanate [Ti(OC4H9)4] as the raw materials. The p-n junction photocatalyst NiO/TiO2 was characterized by UV-vis diffuse reflection spectrum, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst was evaluated by photocatalytic reduction of Cr2O7(2-) and photocatalytic oxidation of rhodamine B. The results show that, for photocatalytic reduction of Cr2O7(2-), the optimum percentage of doped-NiO is 0.5% (mole ratio of Ni/Ti). The photocatalytic activity of the p-n junction NiO/TiO2 is much higher than that of TiO2 on the photocatalytic reduction of Cr2O7(2-). However, the photocatalytic activity of the p-n junction photocatalyst NiO/TiO2 is much lower than that of TiO2 on the photocatalytic oxidation of rhodamine B. Namely, the p-n junction photocatalyst NiO/TiO2 has higher photocatalytic reduction activity, but lower photocatalytic oxidation activity. Effects of heat treatment on the photocatalytic activity of p-n junction photocatalyst NiO/TiO2 were investigated. The mechanisms of influence on the photocatalytic activity were also discussed by the p-n junction principle.

A Time-Value-Based Explanation and Construction of Harmonious Medical Ethics Education / 中国医学伦理学

Statement of harmonious medical ethics education is the theoretical attribute in the specific field of medical ethics education in the overall time-value of constructing a harmonious society.This proposition is the inevitable theoretical response to the existent inherent contradictions in medical ethics domain,whose values mainly manifest three dimensions including the value pursuit of a harmonious life,the value construction of the harmony of humanity and utility,the value orientation of harmony of doctors and patients.Moreover,this article discusses the construction of harmonious medical ethics education from three levels,including strengthening the education of care ethics,paying attention to the value of situational ethics,promoting the cultivation of communication ethics.