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1.
Zoolog Sci ; 40(1): 24-31, 2023 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36744707

ABSTRACT

DNA markers that detect differences in the number of microsatellite repeats can be highly effective for genotyping individuals that lack differences in external morphology. However, isolation of sequences with different microsatellite repeat numbers between individuals has been a time-consuming process in the development of DNA markers. Individual identification of Japanese giant flying squirrels (Petaurista leucogenys) has been challenging because this species is arboreal and nocturnal and exhibits little to no morphological variation between individuals. In this study, we developed DNA markers for sex and individual identification of this species by an efficient method using high-throughput DNA sequence data. Paired-end 5 Gb (2 × 250 bp) and 15 Gb (2 × 150 bp) genome sequences were determined from a female and a male Japanese giant flying squirrel, respectively. We searched SRY and XIST genes located on Y and X chromosomes, respectively, from high-throughput sequence data and designed primers to amplify these genes. Using these primer sets, we succeeded to identify the sex of individuals. In addition, we selected 12 loci containing microsatellites with different numbers of repeats between two individuals from the same data set, and designed primers to amplify these sequences. Twenty individuals from nine different locations were discriminated using these primer sets. Furthermore, both sex and microsatellite markers were amplified from DNA extracted non-invasively from single fecal pellet samples. Based on our results for flying squirrels, we expect our efficient method for developing non-invasive high-resolution individual- and sex-specific genotyping to be applicable to a diversity of mammalian species.


Subject(s)
Genome , Animals , Female , Humans , Male , DNA , Genetic Markers , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing , Microsatellite Repeats/genetics , Sciuridae/genetics
2.
Ann Nutr Metab ; 67(1): 58-64, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26279290

ABSTRACT

AIMS: It remains inconclusive whether high dietary fiber intake decreases the risk of obesity, hypercholesterolemia or high blood pressure during childhood. Therefore, this study investigated the relationships of dietary fiber intake with weight status and related clinical parameters among Japanese children. METHODS: We analyzed the data of 5,600 subjects aged 10-11 years, between 2006 and 2010. Fiber intake was assessed using the Brief-type Diet History Questionnaire. Body height and weight and blood pressure were measured. Serum levels of total cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were analyzed. Fiber intake was categorized into quintiles, and multivariate models were used to adjust for lifestyle factors. RESULTS: Total fiber intake decreased the risks of overweight and high total cholesterol (OR Quintile 5 vs. Quintile 1 overweight: 0.71 for boys, 0.40 for girls; total cholesterol: 0.60 for boys, 0.66 for girls). Water-soluble fiber intake was associated with a lower risk of high blood pressure, although the ORs were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing the dietary fiber intake in Japanese children may have favorable effects on overweight and hypercholesterolemia.


Subject(s)
Diet Surveys/statistics & numerical data , Dietary Fiber/analysis , Hypercholesterolemia/epidemiology , Overweight/epidemiology , Asian People , Blood Pressure , Body Height , Body Weight , Child , Cholesterol/blood , Diet Surveys/methods , Female , Humans , Hypercholesterolemia/etiology , Japan/epidemiology , Male , Overweight/etiology , Risk Factors , Triglycerides/blood
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