Para table tennis improves psychological/mental and cardiovascular health in individuals with spinal cord injury.

BACKGROUND: Although rehabilitation exercise is known to be beneficial for cardiovascular and mental health, it remains a daunting challenge for patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) who rely on wheelchairs for mobility. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a 4-week para table tennis program in enhancing self-efficacy and health outcomes in adults with SCI. METHODS: A total of 39 SCI patients were included and divided into the experimental group (n = 18, a 4-week para table tennis training program) and the control group (n = 21). Frequency domain indices of heart rate variability (HRV) were used to evaluate the function of the autonomic nervous system. RESULTS: Following para table tennis training, there was a significant reduction in the physical stress index (PSI, P < 0.001), accompanied by shifts in autonomic regulation of vagal dominance. Additionally, the para table tennis training led to significant improvements in vessel state, differential pulse wave index, atrial elasticity, eccentric constriction power, remaining blood volume, and self-efficacy (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Para table tennis training results in favorable changes in sympathetic tone, enhanced self-efficacy, improved cardiovascular well-being, and an overall positive transformation in HRV.

Altered heart rate variability and pulse-wave velocity after spinal cord injury.

BACKGROUND: Heart rate variability (HRV) and pulse-wave velocity (PWV), indicators of cardiac function, are altered in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), suggesting that autonomic cardiac function and arterial stiffness may underlie the high risk of cardiovascular complications in these patients. No study has simultaneously investigated HRV and PWV in the same patients. AIM: To evaluate cardiovascular complications in SCI patients by comparing HRV and PWV between patients with and without SCI. METHODS: In this cross-sectional pilot study, patients with (n = 60) and without SCI (n = 60) were recruited from December 7, 2019 to January 21, 2020. Each participant received a five-minute assessment of HRV and the cardiovascular system using the Medicore HRV Analyzer SA-3000P. Differences in HRV and PWV parameters between participants with and without SCI were statistically examined. RESULTS: We observed a significant difference between participants with and without SCI with respect to the standard deviation of all normal-to-normal intervals, square root of the mean sum of squared successive risk ratio interval differences, physical stress index, total power, very-low frequency, low frequency, high frequency, and arterial elasticity. CONCLUSION: Patients with SCI have weaker sympathetic and parasympathetic activity as well as lower arterial elasticity compared to those without, suggesting that SCI may increase cardiac function loading.