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1.
Nat Commun ; 14(1): 5768, 2023 09 20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37730703

ABSTRACT

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy that is consistently preceded by an asymptomatic condition, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Disparities by age, gender, and race/ethnicity in both MGUS and MM are well-established. However, it remains unclear whether these disparities can be explained by increased incidence of MGUS and/or accelerated progression from MGUS to MM. Here, we fit a mathematical model to nationally representative data from the United States and showed that the difference in MM incidence can be explained by an increased incidence of MGUS among male and non-Hispanic Black populations. We did not find evidence showing differences in the rate of progression from MGUS to MM by either gender or race/ethnicity. Our results suggest that screening for MGUS among high-risk groups (e.g., non-Hispanic Black men) may hold promise as a strategy to reduce the burden and MM health disparities.


Subject(s)
Hematologic Neoplasms , Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance , Multiple Myeloma , Humans , Asymptomatic Diseases , Multiple Myeloma/epidemiology , Health Status Disparities , Sex Factors , Racial Groups , Ethnicity
2.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31319616

ABSTRACT

This study examined the use of high dosages of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) (253.7 nm) to deal with various concentrations of air pollutants, such as formaldehyde (HCHO), total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), under various conditions of humidity. A number of irradiation methods were applied for various durations in field studies to examine the efficiency of removing HCHO, TVOC, bacteria, and fungi. The removal efficiency of air pollutants (HCHO and bacteria) through long-term exposure to UVGI appears to increase with time. The effects on TVOC and fungi concentration were insignificant in the first week; however, improvements were observed in the second week. No differences were observed regarding the removal of HCHO and TVOC among the various irradiation methods in this study; however significant differences were observed in the removal of bacteria and fungi.


Subject(s)
Air Microbiology , Air Pollutants/isolation & purification , Air Pollution, Indoor/prevention & control , Formaldehyde/isolation & purification , Volatile Organic Compounds/isolation & purification , Aerosols , Air Pollutants/radiation effects , Formaldehyde/radiation effects , Humidity , Photolysis , Ultraviolet Rays , Volatile Organic Compounds/radiation effects
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