Describing the Ecology of Parenting Based on Preschool Mothers' Social Relationships in Korea: An Ecological Theory Approach.

Mothers' social networks are important to their children's health but still remains poorly understood in Korea. The purpose of the study was to explore the elements of social relationships in Korean preschool mothers to describe their parenting ecology. Data were collected from interviews with 32 mothers according to the Social Network Interview questionnaire and from their seven-day diaries describing their daily social relationships. Eleven ecological elements were identified. The social relationships of these mothers involved seven types of people: relatives, mothers of their children's friends, kindergarten and learning center teachers, domestic workers providing parenting support, husbands, friends, and children's friends. The mothers' social relationships were also associated with four location types: kindergartens, private learning centers, health services centers, and private entertainment centers. The strongest element of the ecology of parenting in terms of frequency was relatives, followed by the mothers of their children's friends and kindergarten teachers; for the location, the strongest was kindergartens, followed by private learning centers and health services centers. In conclusion, the strongest elements in parenting ecology should be evaluated during the assessment of children's growth and development, and incorporated in the assessment tools used.

[Collaborative Disaster Governance Recognized by Nurses during a Pandemic].

PURPOSE: We aimed to identify collaborative disaster governance through the demand and supply analysis of resources recognized by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We used a descriptive study design with an online survey technique for data collection. The survey questions were developed based on focus group interviews with nurses responding to COVID-19 and expert validity testing. A 42-question online survey focusing on disaster governance was sent to nurses working in COVID-19 designated hospitals, public health offices, and schools. A total of 630 nurses participated in the survey. Demand and supply analysis was used to identify the specific components of disaster governance during a pandemic situation and analyze priority areas in disaster governance, as reported by nurses. RESULTS: Demand and supply analysis showed that supplies procurement, cooperation, education, and environment factors clustered in the high demand and supply quadrant while labor condition, advocacy, emotional support, and workload adjustment factors clustered in the high demand but low supply quadrant, indicating a strong need in those areas of disaster governance among nurses. The nurses practicing at the public health offices and schools showed major components of disaster governance plotted in the second quadrant, indicating weak collaborative disaster governance. CONCLUSION: These findings show that there is an unbalanced distribution among nurses, resulting in major challenges in collaborative disaster governance during COVID-19. In the future and current pandemic, collaborative disaster governance, through improved distribution, will be useful for helping nurses to access more required resources and achieve effective pandemic response.

Development and Evaluation of an Algorithm-Corresponding Instrument for Nursing Simulation.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to develop and validate an assessment instrument for students engaging with an algorithm-based simulation scenario addressing emergency measures for high-risk newborns with apnea in a neonatal intensive care unit. METHOD: The study was conducted in two phases of development and evaluation of the algorithm-corresponding instrument. One hundred sixty-nine senior nursing students from two universities in South Korea were evaluated using the developed instrument. RESULTS: The developed and validated instrument consisted of three dimensions (assessment points, nursing skills, and communication) measured through 13 items. The exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors of the instrument, and the confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a better model fit for a three-factor instrument model than for other models. CONCLUSION: The developed algorithm-corresponding assessment instrument is suitable for assessing the clinical decision-making ability of nursing students in a simulation scenario. [J Nurs Educ. 2020;59(11):617-626.].

Unmet Health Needs in Early Childhood in South Korea.

This study aimed to evaluate child health needs in South Korea and the country's healthcare system capacities to meet them. A comprehensive needs assessment was performed by reviewing child health programs in Korea, followed by focus group discussions and individual interviews with multiple health experts and practitioners. Analysis of the meeting and interview transcripts were identified seven major domains of child health needs and healthcare system capacities. Comparison of child health needs and healthcare system capacities revealed that a much-needed linkage system between child health resources and preventive healthcare services is lacking. A new government policy to integrate current child health programs with high-quality preventive care is required.

Exploring the Need of HPV Education Programs in Korean American Communities.

Given the significantly higher cervical cancer risks faced by Korea Americans (KA), the aim of this study was to explore cultural influences and barriers affecting human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination decisions and preferred educational methods to effectively deliver HPV information. Focus groups included 20 KA parents. This study found a lack of knowledge about HPV and the vaccine, along with negative perceptions about the vaccine, affects HPV vaccination decision-making. Ineffective conversations and a lack of HPV vaccine recommendations by health care providers influenced by cultural beliefs were found to be another major barrier. These findings reveal new insights to guide the development of HPV education programs.

Parental HPV knowledge and perceptions of HPV vaccines among Korean American parents.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to examine Korean-Americans (KA) parents' level of knowledge and perceptions of the HPV vaccination, and to identify the differences in parental knowledge and perceptions of the HPV vaccine between KA parents who have vaccinated their children versus those who have not. BACKGROUND: While there are significant concerns about HPV infection, lower immunization rates, and higher cervical cancer risks facing KAs, limited attention has been paid to the specific concerns of KA parents and barriers that underlie parental reluctance to vaccinate their children. METHODS: A descriptive comparative design was used in a convenience sample of 74 KA parents. The study questionnaire consisted of demographic items, general knowledge of HPV, and parental perception regarding HPV vaccination. RESULTS: The level of general knowledge about HPV was very low with a mean score of 3.14 out of 10. Many participants reported negative perception toward HPV vaccination. HPV knowledge scores were not significantly different between parents who did vaccinate their children compared to parents who did not. However, scores for perceived benefits and perceived barriers to vaccination were found to be significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: A lack of knowledge about HPV and negative perception of the HPV vaccination play a key role in preventing many KA parents from seeking appropriate information and delaying vaccination. Development of a culturally grounded and sensitive HPV education program is critical to improve and implement preventive measures for HPV in this population.

Mobile Technology in Undergraduate Nursing Education: A Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify and systematically review the literature on the use of mobile technology in nursing education. The research findings could evidence the effectiveness of mobile technology in undergraduate nursing students' learning outcomes. METHODS: Computerized searches were conducted using the Ovid-MEDLINE, Ovid-EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL databases for relevant primary studies and limited to those between 2000 and February 2018. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies published in either English or Korean were included and critically appraised using Joanna Briggs Institute tools. RESULTS: Seven RCTs and 7 quasi-experimental studies were identified. The mobile device and intervention applied varied throughout all the studies. Studies published earlier in the 2000s found that immediate access to clinical and pharmacological referencing information through the mobile device increased students' efficacy in clinical practice. Later studies, which were mostly conducted in Korea, reported that smartphone-based applications could promote nursing students' learning motivation and satisfaction but not their clinical skills and knowledge. CONCLUSIONS: We still seem to be in the beginning stage of implementing mobile technology in nursing education due to the limited implication of mobile technology and inconsistent research conclusions. In the future, rigorous primary empirical studies are needed to suggest the effective use of mobile devices in nursing education.

The Korean version of the Lasater Clinical Judgment Rubric: a validation study.

BACKGROUND: The scarcity of reliable and valid evaluation tools targeting nursing students' learning outcomes including clinical judgment was identified as one of the barriers in advancing nursing knowledge and skills. However, few studies have assessed the validity and reliability of these tools. OBJECTIVES: Therefore, this study aimed to validate the Korean language version of the Lasater Clinical Judgment Rubric (LCJR), a clinical judgment tool currently used in nursing simulation research and English speaking nursing societies. DESIGN, SETTINGS, PARTICIPANTS: This was an observational study in which a cross-sectional designed survey was used to validate the Korean version of the LCJR (K-LCJR) in three universities in Seoul, South Korea with one hundred fifty two senior nursing students. METHODS: All participants completed the established simulation coursework as well as the regular clinical rotation on pediatric nursing along with their assigned team. Students evaluated their clinical judgment from their simulation performance using the K-LCJR after completing a simulation session using high-fidelity simulators and standardized patients (SP). Audio-video enhancing equipment for the student's individual and group reflection was used. RESULTS: Item analysis of K-LCJR results showed a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of between .897 and .909 and the overall internal consistency reliability coefficient was .910. In the confirmatory factor analysis, the four-factor K-LCJR composed by noticing, interpreting, responding, and reflecting was confirmed with a very good model fit to data, which demonstrated good construct validity. CONCLUSIONS: The K-LCJR is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring clinical judgment in nursing students in Korea.

Validation of a new assessment tool for a pediatric nursing simulation module.

The Lasater clinical judgment rubric (LCJR) is a standardized scoring method to assess student clinical judgment. The aims of this study were to (a) develop a scenario-specific clinical judgment assessment tool guided by the LCJR and (b) evaluate the new assessment tool's psychometric properties and ability to assess clinical judgment. Content validity was established using an expert panel. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to assess the psychometric properties of the instrument. Convergent validity was identified using critical thinking. A three-factor model identified and confirmed with EFA and CFA was used in the new assessment tool to assess 250 undergraduate nursing students from three universities in Seoul, South Korea. The internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.825. Results of this study can provide nursing faculty with ways to develop and use new assessment tools in nursing education.