ABSTRACT
Cross-cultural psychologists have mostly contrasted East Asia with the West. However, this study shows that there are major psychological differences within China. We propose that a history of farming rice makes cultures more interdependent, whereas farming wheat makes cultures more independent, and these agricultural legacies continue to affect people in the modern world. We tested 1162 Han Chinese participants in six sites and found that rice-growing southern China is more interdependent and holistic-thinking than the wheat-growing north. To control for confounds like climate, we tested people from neighboring counties along the rice-wheat border and found differences that were just as large. We also find that modernization and pathogen prevalence theories do not fit the data.
Subject(s)
Agriculture , Asian People/psychology , Individuation , Oryza , Triticum , China , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Carotid-cavernous sinus fistula is an old difficulty in neurosurgery. At present, the main way to deal with it is by embolizing the fistula via an arterial route. But if the fistula is small or supplied by several branches, it is difficult to embolize via an arterial approach. METHODS: In this report, 21 patients with carotid-cavernous sinus fistulae were successfully cured by embolizing the fistula via the SOV approach. RESULTS: All patients were cured, and there were no serious postoperative complications. Follow-up has been carried out in 19 cases for 8 months to more than 4 years; no recurrence manifested. CONCLUSION: For carotid-cavernous sinus fistulae that cannot be embolized arterially, the superior ophthalmic vein route is an easy, safe, effective and promising approach.
