ABSTRACT
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has several beneficial biological properties. Specifically, trans10, cis12-CLA, one of the CLA isomers, has strong physiologic activity against cancer and obesity. However, compared with cis9, trans11-CLA, a naturally occurring CLA isomer, trans10, cis12-CLA tends to be easily metabolized. Therefore, to make efficient use of its biological properties, it is necessary to overcome the rapid clearance of trans10, cis12-CLA from the blood. Here, we employed premix membrane emulsification to prepare two oil-in-water CLA microemulsions (CLA-ME), 100 nm CLA-ME and 200 nm CLA-ME, and investigated their pharmacokinetics in a mouse model. We report that 100 nm CLA-ME contributed to the concentration of blood CLA for longer than 200 nm CLA-ME, indicating that small CLA microparticles were more suitable for maintaining blood trans10, cis12-CLA levels in vivo. However, both CLA-ME could be hardly detected in blood and other tissues 24 h after administration, suggesting that additional strategies for prolonging CLA-ME half-life are required.
Subject(s)
Linoleic Acids, Conjugated/blood , Linoleic Acids, Conjugated/pharmacokinetics , Animals , Emulsions/analysis , Emulsions/chemical synthesis , Emulsions/chemistry , Emulsions/pharmacokinetics , Linoleic Acids, Conjugated/chemical synthesis , Linoleic Acids, Conjugated/chemistry , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Tissue DistributionSubject(s)
Acetylglucosamine/analogs & derivatives , Cell Wall/chemistry , Cell Wall/metabolism , Lactobacillus plantarum/chemistry , Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolism , Acetylglucosamine/chemistry , Acetylglucosamine/metabolism , Lactic Acid/biosynthesis , Lactic Acid/chemistry , Molecular StructureABSTRACT
The effects of droplet size and emulsifiers on oxidative stability of polyunsaturated TAG in oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions with droplet sizes of 0.806 +/- 0.0690, 3.28 +/- 0.0660, or 10.7 +/- 0.106 microm (mean +/- SD) were investigated. Hydroperoxide contents in the emulsion with a mean droplet size of 0.831 microm were significantly lower than those in the emulsion with a mean droplet size of 12.8 microm for up to 120 h of oxidation time. Residual oxygen contents in the headspace air of the vials containing an o/w emulsion with a mean droplet size of 0.831 microm were lower compared with those of the emulsion with a mean droplet size of 12.8 microm. Hexanal developed from soybean oil TAG o/w emulsions with smaller droplet size showed significantly lower residual oxygen contents than those of the larger droplet size emulsions. Consequently, oxidative stability of TAG in o/w emulsions could be controlled by the size of oil droplet even though the origins of TAG were different. Spin-spin relaxation time of protons of acyl residues on TAG in o/w emulsions measured by H NMR suggested that motional frequency of some acyl residues was shorter in o/w emulsions with a smaller droplet size. The effect of the wedge associated with hydrophobic acyl residues of emulsifiers was proposed as a possible mechanism to explain differences in oxidative stability between o/w emulsions with different droplet sizes.
