Resistencia adhesiva de postes de fibra a los diferentes tercios del conducto radicular / Adhesive resistance of fiber posts to different thirds of the root canal

En los últimos años resulta de elección la utilización de postes de fib ra en la rehabilitación de piezas endodónticamente tratadas. La adhesión entre poste, agente cementante y dentina radicular permitiría lograr una retención de la estructura dentro de las paredes del conducto. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la resistencia adhesiva en los tercios cervical, medio y apical, entre la dentina del conducto radicular y el cemento adhesivo utilizado en la cementación de postes de fibra. Se utilizaron 30 premolares inferiores uniradiculares humanos, recientemente extraídos, se realizaron los tratamientos endodónticos, se desobturaron y realizaron las preparaciones con la fresa conformadora número 3 para la cementación de postes White Post DC especial número 3 con cemento Paracore utilizando el protocolo adhesivo del mismo sistema. Las muestras fueron incluidas en acrílico cristal, cortadas en forma perpendicular al eje mayor de la pieza con una máquina de corte y por último se procedió a medir los valores de adhesión de los postes a la superficie interna de los conductos en los tres tercios con la prueba push-out mediante una máquina de ensayo universal. Los resultados arrojaron que las resistencias (media +- DE, MPa) en los tercios cervical, medio y apical, fueron 8,74 +- 3,12, 9,38 +- 2,29 y 11,11 +- 2,95, respectivamente. En el tercio apical se registró mayor resistencia. Considerando las limitaciones de esta investigación, se puede concluir que la cementación de postes de fibra con cementos resinosos, presenta mayores valores en el tercio apical y menores en el tercio cervical del conducto radicular con técnica de Push-out (AU)

Diminished medial prefrontal cortex activation during the recollection of stressful events is an acquired characteristic of PTSD.

BACKGROUND: Previous research has shown relatively diminished medial prefrontal cortex activation and heightened psychophysiological responses during the recollection of personal events in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but the origin of these abnormalities is unknown. Twin studies provide the opportunity to determine whether such abnormalities reflect familial vulnerabilities, result from trauma exposure, or are acquired characteristics of PTSD. METHODS: In this case-control twin study, 26 male identical twin pairs (12 PTSD; 14 non-PTSD) discordant for PTSD and combat exposure recalled and imagined trauma-unrelated stressful and neutral life events using a standard script-driven imagery paradigm during functional magnetic resonance imaging and concurrent skin conductance measurement. RESULTS: Diminished activation in the medial prefrontal cortex during Stressful v. Neutral script-driven imagery was observed in the individuals with PTSD, relative to other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Diminished medial prefrontal cortex activation during Stressful v. Neutral script-driven imagery may be an acquired characteristic of PTSD. If replicated, this finding could be used prospectively to inform diagnosis and the assessment of treatment response.

[Materials for the history of medical support of the White movement in Eastern Russia (1918-1920)].

The article provides a brief description of the composition of the Eastern Front and the conditions of warfare affecting the organization of the first medical software. The data on the management of health-care de-scrap, the forces and means of health services, especially medical staff manning the troops, medical and sanitary institutions and their activities. Concluded that the command of the troops and the medical service of the White movement in the Russian East used in those conditions available forms of medical evacuation and anti-epidemic measures. Medical support was based on the experience acquired during the Russian-German war, and adaptable to the new conditions of warfare.

A role for mucosal IL-22 production and Th22 cells in HIV-associated mucosal immunopathogenesis.

Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a cytokine with epithelial reparative and regenerative properties that is produced by Th22 cells and by other immune cell subsets. Therefore, we explored the hypothesis that disruption of the gut barrier during HIV infection involves dysregulation of these cells in the gastrointestinal mucosa. Sigmoid IL-22-producing T cell and Th22 cells were dramatically depleted during chronic HIV infection, epithelial integrity was compromised, and microbial translocation was increased. These alterations were reversed after long-term antiretroviral therapy. While all mucosal IL-22-producing T-cell subsets were also depleted very early during HIV infection, at these early stages IL-22 production by non-T-cell populations (including NKp44+ cells) was increased and gut epithelial integrity was maintained. Circulating Th22 cells expressed a higher level of the HIV co-receptor/binding molecules CCR5 and α4ß7 than CD4+ T-cell subsets in HIV-uninfected participants, but this was not the case after HIV infection. Finally, recombinant IL-22 was protective against HIV and tumor necrosis factor-α-induced gut epithelial damage in a validated in vitro gut epithelial system. We conclude that reduced IL-22 production and Th22 depletion in the gut mucosa are important factors in HIV mucosal immunopathogenesis.

[40th anniversary of the 736th Main Center of State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance of the Russian Defense Ministry].

In November 2012 736th Main Center of State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation celebrates 40th anniversary. It is a multidisciplanary prevention and treatment facility of high level standing at the top of the sanitary-epidemiological institutions of the army and navy. The Main Center is included into a united, centralized system of state sanitary-epidemiological control of Russia with the main purpose--organization and conduction of surveillance and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures in the army and navy. The article provides a consistent presentation of historical perspective of creation and development of the institution and its mission today.

Decreased regional cerebral blood flow in medial prefrontal cortex during trauma-unrelated stressful imagery in Vietnam veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder.

BACKGROUND: Neuroimaging research has demonstrated medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) hyporesponsivity and amygdala hyperresponsivity to trauma-related or emotional stimuli in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Relatively few studies have examined brain responses to the recollection of stressful, but trauma-unrelated, personal events in PTSD. In the current study, we sought to determine whether regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) abnormalities in mPFC and amygdala in PTSD could be observed during the recollection of trauma-unrelated stressful personal events. METHOD: Participants were 35 right-handed male combat veterans (MCVs) and female nurse veterans (FNVs) who served in Vietnam: 17 (seven male, 10 female) with current military-related PTSD and 18 (nine male, nine female) with no current or lifetime PTSD. We used positron emission tomography (PET) and script-driven imagery to study rCBF during the recollection of trauma-unrelated stressful versus neutral and traumatic events. RESULTS: Voxelwise tests revealed significant between-group differences for the trauma-unrelated stressful versus neutral comparison in mPFC, specifically in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Functional region of interest (ROI) analyses demonstrated that this interaction in mPFC represented greater rCBF decreases in the PTSD group during trauma-unrelated stressful imagery relative to neutral imagery compared to the non-PTSD group. No differential amygdala activation was observed between groups or in either group separately. CONCLUSIONS: Veterans with PTSD, compared to those without PTSD, exhibited decreased rCBF in mPFC during mental imagery of trauma-unrelated stressful personal experiences. Functional neuroanatomical models of PTSD must account for diminished mPFC responses that extend to emotional stimuli, including stressful personal experiences that are not directly related to PTSD.

[About the basics of the organization of medical supplement of the troops of the White Movement].

The article contains data about the history of medical supplying of the troops of the White Movement during the Civil War in Russia (1918-1920). The description of the structures of administration of medical and sanitary service and forces and devices of sanitary service is given, the characteristics of the body and goals of the medical and sanitary-epidemiological institutions, which were formed by the military department and Russian Red Cross Society is listed.

Multidetector computed tomography of acute vascular injury in blunt abdominal/pelvic trauma: imaging predictors of treatment.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) morphologic characteristics of non-aortic acute vascular injuries (AVI) in patients with blunt abdominopelvic trauma that predict treatment. METHODS: CT scans of 65 trauma patients with non-aortic AVI were reviewed. AVI morphology was categorized as linear or round. The organ of involvement, location of hemorrhage, initial size of hematoma, and hemodynamic status were recorded. Expansion rates of the hematoma were calculated in 40 patients who had delayed imaging. Multivariate regression was used to analyze the morphologic features of AVI and treatment. RESULTS: Patients with linear AVI were four times more likely to require aggressive treatment (surgery or embolization) than those with a round morphology, independent of the hemodynamic status. There was no main effect of the organ involved, location of hemorrhage, initial bleed size, or expansion rate on the probability of aggressive treatment. CONCLUSION: The location, initial size, and expansion rate of AVI are not significant predictors of aggressive treatment with surgery or embolization. Linear morphology of AVI, however, is more likely to require aggressive treatment than round AVI, independent of the hemodynamic status. Linear AVI likely reflects a spurting jet of active extravasation, whereas round AVI likely represents a pseudoaneurysm or slow bleed.

[Radiative and hygienic certification in Armed Forces, problems of its implementation and ways of perfection].

Radiative and hygienic passportization is one of the most actual pattern of socio and hygienic monitoring in Armed Forces. Radiative and hygienic passport is the main document which characterizes the safety control in military unit and uses the sources of ionizing radiation. Sanitary and epidemiologic institutions were imputed to control the formation of radiative and hygienic passports, analysis and generalization of its data, formation of conclusions about the condition of radiation security in the military units. According to radiative and hygienic passportization, which took place in 2009, the radiation security in the Armed Forces and organizations is satisfactory, but there are some problems of providing of radiation security of personnel under the professional and medical radiation. The salvation of its problems requires the effective work of official functionary of radiac object and institutions of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision in Armed Forces of Russian Federation.

Chemotherapeutic agents doxorubicin and epirubicin induce a procoagulant phenotype on endothelial cells and blood monocytes.

BACKGROUND: Although chemotherapy is associated with an increased risk of thrombosis, the pathogenic mechanisms by which chemotherapeutic agents exert prothrombotic effects are unclear. OBJECTIVES: In this study we explored the possibility that chemotherapeutic agents doxorubicin, epirubicin, 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate induce a procoagulant phenotype on vascular endothelial cells and/or on blood monocytes. METHODS: Thrombin generation was measured in defibrinated plasma exposed to chemotherapy-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Tissue factor activity assays were performed on chemotherapy-treated HUVECs and blood monocytes. The effects of chemotherapy drugs on phosphatidylserine exposure and the protein C pathway were also measured. RESULTS: Exposure of defibrinated plasma to either doxorubicin- or epirubicin-treated HUVECs resulted in an increase in plasma thrombin generation. The procoagulant activity of doxorubicin- and epirubicin-treated HUVECs reflects an increase in tissue factor activity and phosphatidylserine exposure. Doxorubicin-mediated increase in tissue factor activity is related to increased levels of phosphatidylserine rather than to protein disulfide isomerase activity, and is likely to involve reactive oxygen species generation. Unlike doxorubicin, epirubicin does not have an impact on the protein C anticoagulant pathway. Interestingly, neither methotrextate nor 5-fluorouracil altered endothelial or monocyte hemostatic properties. CONCLUSIONS: These studies suggest that doxorubicin and epirubicin have the greatest 'prothrombotic potential' by virtue of their ability to alter endothelial and monocyte hemostatic properties.

Criteria for selecting pharmacokinetic repeat study samples.

The pharmacokinetic (PK) repeat study sample, selected by the study pharmacokineticist, requires repeat bioanalysis because the concentration is incongruous with drug plasma concentration versus time profile. The inconsistency could be due to a number of reasons, including the detectable drug concentration in a predose sample or a sample from a placebo control group or a significant double peak in the terminal phase of an individual plasma concentration versus time profile that is not consistent with the profiles from other subjects in the same dose group. The justification for selecting the PK repeat sample should be clearly documented. The repeat analysis should be conducted in duplicate or triplicate as allowed by sample volume. To avoid subjectively selecting PK repeat samples, standard operating procedures should be prepared prior to the start of the study in order to define the criteria for selecting PK repeat study samples and also the procedure for conducting repeat analysis and reporting repeat assay values. The incurred sample re-analysis (ISR) assessment and the repeat analysis of pharmacokinetically anomalous samples are different in terms of purpose and conduct; the ISR assessment alone cannot accept or reject the results from a study for analytical reasons. Therefore, the results from the ISR assessment for assuring the reliability and reproducibility of a validated bioanalytical method in animal or human plasma or other biological matrices should not be used to substitute the results of repeat analysis of pharmacokinetically anomalous samples from a nonclinical or clinical study.

Immune reconstitution in the sigmoid colon after long-term HIV therapy.

Early and profound CD4+ T-cell depletion in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) may drive Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) immunopathogenesis, and GALT immune reconstitution on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) may be suboptimal. Blood and sigmoid colon biopsies were collected from HAART-treated individuals with undetectable blood HIV RNA for > or =4 years and from uninfected controls. HIV proviral levels and T-cell phenotype/function were examined in both compartments. CD4+ T-cell reconstitution in the sigmoid, including CD4+ T cells expressing CCR5, exceeded that in blood and did not differ from uninfected controls. Sigmoid HIV proviral load was not correlated with CD4+ reconsitution, but was correlated with the degree of mucosal CD8+ T-cell immune activation. Colonic Gag-specific T-cell responses were common, but were not associated with proviral load or immune activation. In this select study population, long-term HAART was associated with complete CD4+ T-cell reconstitution in sigmoid colon. However, colonic immune activation may drive ongoing HIV replication.

Subventricular zone cells remain stable in vitro after brain injury.

Subventricular zone (SVZ) cells emigrate toward brain injury but relatively few survive. Thus, if they are to be used for repair, ex vivo expansion and autologous transplantation of SVZ cells may be necessary. Since it is unclear how brain injury alters SVZ cell culture, we studied neurosphere formation, differentiation, and migration, after cortical lesions. The number of neurosphere forming cells from lesioned mice was comparable to controls. Also, the proportion of astrocytes and neurons generated in vitro remained unchanged after cortical lesions. Cell emigration from neurospheres was characterized by increased cell-cell contact after injury in adults and neonates. However, neither molecules implicated in SVZ migration nor the extent of migration changed after injury. Thus, neurospheres can be successfully cultured after extensive brain damage, and they are remarkably stable in vitro, suggesting suitability for ex vivo expansion and autologous transplantation.