Study on the standard components of digital forensics laboratory.

Recently, digital forensics has become increasingly important as it is used by investigation agencies, corporate, and private sector. To supplement the limitations of evidence capacity and be recognized in court, it is essential to establish an environment that ensures the integrity of the entire process ranging from collecting and analyzing to submitting digital evidence to court. In this study, common elements were extracted by comparing and analyzing ISO/IEC 17025, 27001 standards and Interpol and Council of Europe (CoE) guidelines to derive the necessary components for building a digital forensic laboratory. Subsequently, based on 21 digital forensic experts in the field, Delphi survey and verifications were conducted in three rounds. As a result, 40 components from seven areas were derived. The research results are based on the establishment, operation, management, and authentication of a digital forensics laboratory suitable for the domestic environment, with added credibility through collection of the opinions of 21 experts in the field of digital forensics in Korea. This study can be referred to in establishing digital forensic laboratories in national, public, and private digital forensic organizations as well as for employing as competency measurement criteria in courts to evaluate the reliability of the analysis results.

Immunostimulatory effect of pepsin enzymatic extract from Porphyra yezoensis on murine splenocytes.

BACKGROUND: Porphyra yezoensis is a red alga consumed mainly in Korea, Japan, and China for food. This study researches the immunological effect of pepsin extract of P. yezoensis (PPEE) on murine splenocytes. RESULTS: PPEE was not toxic on murine splenocytes and dramatically increased the proliferation of splenocytes compared with untreated control. Flow cytometry assay performed to sum up the effect of PPEE (31.3 and 62.5 µg mL-1 ) on major immune cells revealed that PPEE had no effect on the function of CD3e+ CD4+ T-helper cells, CD3e+ CD8+ T-cytotoxic cells, or CD44+ CD62L- effector T cells in splenocytes compared with untreated control. More importantly, CD45+ CD11b+ macrophage and dendritic cell populations and Ly-6C+ Ly-6G+ macrophages/monocytes in splenocytes were activated by PPEE treatment compared with untreated control. Further experiments showed that PPEE treatment increased the secretion of macrophage-derived cytokines such as interleukin-1ß, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-12, and macrophage-activating cytokines interferon-γ and interleukin-10 compared with untreated control. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these results suggest that PPEE has an immune stimulatory effect on macrophages, dendritic cells, and memory T cells. This property signifies the potential medicinal value of PPEE in clinical implications for immune-compromised diseases. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Right Lower Sleeve Bilobectomy for Lung Cancer with Posteparterial Tracheal Bronchus.

A 42-year-old man was diagnosed with cancer of the right lower lung lobe with a posteparterial type of tracheal bronchus, in which the posterior segmental bronchus of the right upper lobe arose from the distal bronchus intermedius. A mass involved the distal bronchus intermedius, requiring a right lower bilobectomy with an additional posterior segmental resection of the right upper lung lobe. Thus, we performed a right lower bilobectomy and sleeve anastomosis of the posterior segmental bronchus of the right upper lobe to the proximal bronchus intermedius, sparing the pulmonary parenchyma of the same lobe.

Apneic oxygen insufflation decreases the incidence of hypoxemia during one-lung ventilation in open and thoracoscopic pulmonary lobectomy: A randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: Hypoxemia is common during one-lung ventilation (OLV) for thoracic surgery. When hypoxemia occurs, surgery is interrupted for rescue ventilation. Apneic oxygen insufflation (AOI), which provides O2 without applying pressure, may prevent hypoxemia and does not interrupt surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the AOI technique for preventing hypoxemia during OLV in thoracic surgery. METHODS: Patients undergoing open or thoracoscopic pulmonary lobectomy from September to December 2015 were included. Patients were assigned randomly to a non-AOI group or an AOI group (n = 45 each). OLV was initiated and at the 15-minute mark (OLV15), patients in the AOI group received oxygen insufflation at 3 L/min to the nonventilated lung for 30 minutes (OLV45). The primary endpoint was the occurrence of hypoxemia (SaO2 <90%) during OLV. RESULTS: The demographic and operative data were similar between the 2 groups. The incidence of hypoxemia was greater in the non-AOI than the AOI group (18% vs 0%; P = .009). ΔPaO2 (the difference in partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood between OLV 45 and 15 minutes) was smaller in the AOI than the non-AOI group (-29 mm Hg vs -69 mm Hg; P = .005). Duration of surgery and incidence of complications did not vary between groups. CONCLUSIONS: AOI decreases the incidence of hypoxemia and improves arterial oxygenation during OLV for open and thoracoscopic surgery. AOI may be a valuable option to prevent hypoxemia. It can be used before relying on continuous positive airway pressure or intermittent two-lung ventilation and result in fewer interruptions in surgery.