ABSTRACT
Background: To evaluate and compare the sealing ability of Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), BiodentineTM and light cure MTA used for the repair of furcal perforations using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Material and Methods: The study sample comprised 45 extracted mandibular molars. The teeth were embedded in modeling wax. Standard access cavities were prepared in each tooth using a round bur and non-end cutting bur with a high-speed handpiece with water spray. Furcal perforations were made on the centre of the pulpal floor of each tooth using a 0.5mm round bur. The teeth were then randomly divided into 3 experimental groups of 15 specimens each based on the materials used to seal the perforation; Group A: MTA; Group B: BiodentineTM; Group C: Light cure MTA. All the sealed perforations were compacted with a moist cotton pellet, and the samples were stored in a closed container for 24 hours to allow the repair materials to set completely. After 24 hours the samples were sectioned longitudinally and the extent of marginal adaptation was measured using scanning electron microscopy. The sealing ability was evaluated by measuring the gap (in microns) between the pulpal floor and the material used for the furcal repair. Results: The overall results showed that the marginal adaptation of light-cure MTA was better than both MTA as well as Biodentine. The mean space between the pulpal floor and the repair material was least for group C (2.29). Tuckey's post hoc test showed that a significant difference (p<0.05) existed between group C and group A & B. Conclusions: Light-cure MTA exbibits good sealing ability to dentin when compared to conventionally used Biodentine and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate. Key words:Calcium silicates, MTA, Biodentinte, New light-cure MTA, Perforation repair.
Subject(s)
Asymptomatic Infections , COVID-19/complications , Psychotic Disorders/complications , Puerperal Disorders , Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Delusions/psychology , Female , Hallucinations/psychology , Haloperidol/therapeutic use , Humans , India , Olanzapine/therapeutic use , Psychotic Disorders/drug therapy , Psychotic Disorders/psychology , Restraint, Physical , Self-Injurious Behavior/psychology , Trihexyphenidyl/therapeutic use , Young AdultABSTRACT
The immune system is an inherent protection system in vertebrate animals including human beings that exhibit properties such as self-organisation, self-adaptation, learning, and recognition. It interacts with the other allied systems such as the gut and lymph nodes. There is a need for immune system modelling to know about its complex internal mechanism, to understand how it maintains the homoeostasis, and how it interacts with the other systems. There are two types of modelling techniques used for the simulation of features of the immune system: equation-based modelling (EBM) and agent-based modelling. Owing to certain shortcomings of the EBM, agent-based modelling techniques are being widely used. This technique provides various predictions for disease causes and treatments; it also helps in hypothesis verification. This study presents a review of agent-based modelling of the immune system and its interactions with the gut and lymph nodes. The authors also review the modelling of immune system interactions during tuberculosis and cancer. In addition, they also outline the future research directions for the immune system simulation through agent-based techniques such as the effects of stress on the immune system, evolution of the immune system, and identification of the parameters for a healthy immune system.
