[Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma in a HIV-1 infected patient with first-line antiretroviral therapy failure]. / Carcinome épidermoïde de la vulve chez une patiente infectée par le VIH-1 en échec de traitement antirétroviral de première ligne.

Vulvar cancer has been rarely reported in the literature. In young women, it is most often caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), whereas in postmenopausal women, in whom this cancer is more common, it would be caused by estrogen deficiency. Moreover, HIV infection increases the risk of developing vulvar cancer in HIV-positive women as a consequence of the high prevalence of HPV infection in these subjects. Thus, in patients with suspected vulva lesion, biopsy followed by anatomo-pathological examination should be performed in order to establish the diagnosis. We here report a case of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma in a HIV-1-positive patient with first-line antiretroviral therapy (ARV) failure.

[Intestinal tuberculosis revealed by acute bowel obstruction during paradoxical reaction to antituberculosis treatment in an immunocompetent patient: about a case and literature review]. / Tuberculose intestinale révélée par une occlusion intestinale aigüe au cours d'une réaction paradoxale au traitement anti-tuberculeux chez un patient immunocompétent: à propos d'un cas et revue de la littérature.

Abdominal tuberculosis accounts for 3 to 5% of all visceral diseases. Despite the demonstrated effectiveness of anti-tuberculosis treatments, some cases of exacerbation of the initial clinical presentation have been described during the initiation of treatment. However, these reactions also known as "paradoxical" have been rarely reported in immunocompetent patients and much less in the case of bowel obstruction. We report a case of intestinal tuberculosis revealed by acute bowel obstruction during paradoxical reaction to anti-tuberculosis treatment. The study included a 26-year old immunocompetent patient with occlusive syndrome after a month of treatment for pleuropulmonary tuberculosis. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed small bowel obstruction. Laparotomy objectified intraperitoneal mass with multiple adhesions. Anatomo-pathological examination of the surgical specimen showed intestinal tuberculosis. Patient's outcome was favorable after the continuation of initial antituberculosis treatment.