ABSTRACT
This study was a systematic review of research using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) to examine cognitive characteristics of children with ASD beyond the impact of revisions based on WISC and diagnostic criteria changes. The classic "islets of ability" was found in individuals with full-scale IQs < 100. The "right-descending profiles" were observed among high IQ score individuals. High levels on the Block Design and low Coding levels were consistently found regardless of the variation in intellectual functioning or diagnosis. This review identified patterns of cognitive characteristics in ASD individuals using empirical data that researchers may have previously been aware of, based on their experiences, owing to the increased prevalence of ASD.
Subject(s)
Autism Spectrum Disorder , Aptitude , Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis , Child , Cognition , Humans , Prevalence , Wechsler ScalesABSTRACT
This study examined paroxysmal abnormalities and epilepsy in EEG for individuals with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) in two parts: first with a large number of subjects (n=1624); and second with extracted subjects followed from 5 years into adolescence and beyond (n=92). Many paroxysms in PDD patients in their childhood tended to appear at various sites and the same held for paroxysms at the time of epilepsy onset. However, in adolescence and beyond, paroxysms in the frontal region prevailed as those appearing at sites other than the frontal region tended to disappear. The same held for paroxysms at the time of epilepsy onset. These paroxysms in the frontal area characteristic of PDD were named "Paroxysms at F." It was suggested that functional abnormality in the frontal region exists in PDD through paroxysmal EEG abnormalities and epilepsy.
Subject(s)
Brain/physiopathology , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/physiopathology , Electroencephalography , Epilepsy/physiopathology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Age of Onset , Child , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/pathology , Child, Preschool , Disease Progression , Epilepsy/pathology , Female , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Young AdultSubject(s)
Brain/pathology , Electroencephalography , Magnetoencephalography , Mutism/diagnosis , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon , Adolescent , Adult , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Brain/physiopathology , Child , Epilepsy/diagnosis , Epilepsy/etiology , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Mutism/pathology , Mutism/physiopathologyABSTRACT
We reported a case of myelopathy of unknown etiology with transient spinal automatism. A 50-years old woman suffered from gait disturbance with weakness and abnormal involuntary movement of both lower limbs. The involuntary movement showed like as triple flexion reflex and appeared in the interval between some seconds and some ten seconds. It was consisted of non-reciprocal phasic-tonic discharges. In electrophysiological examination, long latency muscular responses were observed following F wave and MEP (motor evoked potential) in the abductor hallucis muscle. Excitability of motoneurons of lower limb muscles following stimulation of sural nerve was evaluated by means of H reflex and averaged surface EMGs. Short latency facilitation was induced in the soleus and tibialis anterior muscles contrary to inhibition in the control subjects. In this case, reduced activity of inhibitory and/or enhanced activity of excitatory interneurons to motoneurons attributed to the pathophysiology of spinal automatism.
