ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The oral microflora primarily involved in early childhood caries (ECC) is Streptococcus mutans while Streptococcus sanguinis is related to healthy caries-free mouth. The antagonism between the two at biological level is well recognized. AIM: This study aims to compare the pre- and posttreatment salivary levels of S. mutans and S. sanguinis in ECC. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on 40 eligible participants. Clinical examination was done, and decayed teeth were recorded. Pre- and Posttreatment saliva sample was taken, processed and bacterial counts were compared. RESULTS: A statistically significant posttreatment reduction was found in S. mutans counts; however, a significant posttreatment elevation was seen in S. sanguinis counts (P < 0.001) using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. A significant weak positive correlation was found between S. mutans and decayed teeth in the mouth (r = 0.366 and P = 0.028) using Spearman's correlation. No significant gender association was found between pre- and posttreatment S. mutans and S. sanguinis counts (P = 0.908) and also between decayed teeth (P = 0.321) using Mann-Whitney U-test. CONCLUSION: Complete dental treatment procedure showed significant reduction and elevation in S. mutans and S. sanguinis counts, respectively. A positive association was observed between S. mutans and ECC while S. sanguinis were positively associated with posttreatment oral environment.
Subject(s)
Dental Caries/microbiology , Saliva/microbiology , Streptococcus mutans/isolation & purification , Streptococcus sanguis/isolation & purification , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dental Caries/therapy , Dental Plaque/microbiology , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
TORCH {Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)} infection causes pregnancy wastage at any stage of gestation. Serological assays can be an important tool for diagnosis. It includes ELISA which is highly specific & sensitive with certain drawbacks like time consuming and for each genus separate test have to be done. Line-Immunoassay (LIA), a newer, cheaper and reliable technique on contrary is done on single panel strip. The present retrospective study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the efficacy of Line Immunoassay for detection of TORCH IgM antibodies. A total of 630 samples from the pregnant women with Bad Obstetric History (BOH) attending OPD and IPD of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Science & Research (MMIMSR), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India from 2011 to 2015 were subjected to Line-Immunoassay and ELISA for detection of IgM antibodies against TORCH agents in Department of Microbiology. The analysis for TORCH complex showed 32.85% positivity by LIA while 36.03% by ELISA. The diagnostic accuracy of LIA when ELISA considered gold standard was also exhibited which showed Sensitivity of 90.75%, Specificity of 99.75% while PPV & NPV were 99.52%, 95.05% respectively. The statistical analysis showed results were statistically insignificant (p value >0.05). Comparison of detection of TORCH IgM antibodies by ELISA & Line-Immunoassay express good sensitivity & specificity requiring significantly less time and low cost by Line-Immunoassay, concludes that Line-Immunoassay may be used as screening test.
