[Radiation treatment of bladder cancer using different fractionation regimens]. / Luchevoe lechenie raka mochevogo puzyria pri razlichnykh rezhimakh fraktsionirovaniia.

The paper is devoted to a follow-up of 177 bladder cancer patients. The problems of providing radiotherapy with the use of hyperfractionation of a radiation dose were discussed. Despite an increase in a tumor dose by 15%, no increase in the number and expression of local radiation reactions is observed. Enhanced therapeutic efficacy was observed, particularly in cases of locally advanced tumors (T3). Three years after conventional radiotherapy 44% of the patients were alive, after hyperfractionated irradiation--69%.

[The incidence of bladder tumor recurrences after transurethral resection during combined treatment]. / Chastota retsidivov opukholei mochevogo puzyria posle transuretral'noi rezektsii pri kombinirovannom lechenii.

A total of 231 patients undergoing transurethral resection combined with intravesical chemotherapy were examined for incidence of vesical tumor relapses. Some patients were subjected only to transurethral resection (Group I), those had the resection followed by intravesical adriamycin (Group II), those underwent the resection followed by thiophosphamide chemical prevention (Group III), and those had surgeries after intravesical chemotherapy (Group IV). The incidence of the relapses was 44, 43.1, 29.6, and 52.9%, respectively. The incidence of relapses was examined in relation to the type, malignancy, and multiple foci of the tumor.

[Comparative evaluation of different methods of urine derivation after cystectomy for bladder cancer]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka razlichnykh sposobov derivatsii mochi posle tsistéktomii po povodu raka mochevogo puzyria.

Various methods of urine derivation in the patients with carcinoma of the urinary bladder who had undergone cystectomy were comparatively analysed. To solve the problem the authors performed 87 surgeries with the use of ureterostomy (44); isolated ileac segment--Bricker's method--(12); rectoplastic formation of the bladder (11); isolated sigmoid segment (10); ureterosigmoidostomy (10). Various degrees of urine retention before the operation (ureteropyeloectasia, ureterouronephrosis, renal failure) occurred in 39 patients exposed to ureterostomy, 10 patients subjected to the surgery by Bricker's technique, in 4 subjects who underwent the rectoplastic formation of the bladder, 2 patients who sustained ureterosigmoidostomy and 5 ones with isolated sigmoid segment. 15 patients (17.2 per cent) died in the postoperative period. The highest percentage of lethal outcomes was recorded in those who sustained ureterosigmoidostomy (50) or rectoplastic formation of the bladder (27.2), the lowest, in the patients with isolated ileac segment (8.2). Peritonitis (5) and pyelonephritis (3) were the main causes of death. Associated complications of the upper urinary tract, such as pyelonephritis attacks or renal failures, were more common in those who sustained ureteroneoileostomy (4) or ureterosigmoidostomy (9), while in case of Bricker's technique application it occurred but once. The authors considered ureteroneoileostomy (the technique by Bricker) as the most optimal modality correcting the urine derivation regardless of the severity of the upper urinary tract changes.

[Side effects in chemoradiotherapy of bladder cancer]. / Pobochnye éffekty pri khimioluchevoi terapii raka mochevogo puzyria.

Chemoradiation treatment was given to 60 patients with locally-advanced cancers of the urinary bladder and their recurrences. Split-course radiotherapy was carried out using a rotation technique at 3-4 week intervals. Total focal dose for two courses was 65-70 Gy. Combined therapy used cyclophosphamide, dactinomycin and cisplatin. Chemotherapy was given immediately after each course of irradiation. Concomitant cardiovascular pathology was registered in 46.6% of patients and renal function derangement--in 36.6%. However, all the patients, except three, received treatment matched by symptomatic therapy. Myelosuppression was among major side effects. Response was assessed in 47 cases (75%). The immediate effect of combined treatment was observed in 57.4%.

[Possibility of evaluating the degree of dissemination of malignant tumors of the bladder using ultrasonic tomography]. / Vozmozhnosti mestnoi otsenki rasprostraneniia zlokachestvennoi opukholi mochevogo puzyria s pomoshch'iu ul'trazvukovoi tomografii.

The paper discusses the results of an analysis of degree of bladder cancer expansion with the aid of ultrasonic tomography. The results of tomography were compared with surgical and pathohistologic findings. The study group included 94 patients with bladder cancer. Stages A, B, and C were distinguished on the basis of tomographic features, which correspond to T1, T2, T3 and T4 according to TNM system. Application of ultrasonic tomography in conjunction with other diagnostic procedures offers more advantage in selecting an adequate stage-oriented treatment. The tomographic examination findings were confirmed in 80.7% for stage A (T1), 81.9%--stage B (T2) and 93.4% for stage T (T3 and T4).

[Carcinoid of the testis]. / Kartsinoid iaichka.

Carcinoid of the testis in a male of 37 is described. Prolonged existence of the tumour, its big size and presence of tumour cells in vessels characterize this tumour as malignant. Electron-microscopically polymorphic, varying in size dense granules of a neuro-secretory type, typical for the EC-cells are observed.

[Electron microscopy in the diagnosis and prognosis of transitional-cell bladder tumors]. / Elektronnaia mikroskopiia v diagnostike i prognozirovanii perekhodnokletochnykh opukholei mochevogo puzyria.

The electron-microscopic analysis of 65 different transitional-cell tumours of the urinary bladder revealed quantitative correlations between the tumour cells belonging to different groups, types and forms of transitional-cell papilloma, transitional-cell carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma of the bladder. These correlations are of importance for histogenetic and differential diagnosis of these tumours. The correlation between the changes in cell composition of transitional-cell papilloma or transitional-cell carcinoma and the subsequent clinical course of the disease (prognosis) is determined.

[Retroperitoneoscopy in diagnosis of lymphogenic metastases of bladder cancer]. / Retroperitoneoskopiia v diagnostike limfogennylh metastazov mochevogo puzyria.

Application of retroperitoneoscopy improved diagnosis of regional metastases urinary bladder cancer because it provided relevant morphological verification. Fifty patients were examined for urinary bladder cancer. Factors influencing the frequency of lymphogenic dissemination were studied. A comparative evaluation of the results of direct contrast lymphography and of retroperitoneoscopy suggests that a complex of procedures including retroperitoneoscopy should be used for diagnosis of regional metastases of urinary bladder cancer (T3-4).