ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To determine the normal range of intraocular pressure (IOP) in the young and its association with certain corneal parameters using a non-contact device. METHODS: Subjects were selected from students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences through stratified sampling. All participants had visual acuity testing, corneal imaging, a comprehensive slit-lamp examination by an ophthalmologist, and IOP measurement using a non-contact air-puff tonometer. RESULTS: Of the 1280 invitees, 1073 (83.8%) participated, and 1027 were eligible. Mean IOP was 16.38 mmHg [95% confidence interval (CI): 16.22-16.53] in the total sample, 16.14 mmHg (95% CI: 15.84-16.45) in men, and 16.48 mmHg (95% CI: 16.31-16.66) in women. There was a significant IOP difference between myopes and emmetropes (P = 0.031). Based on the multiple linear regression model, IOP associated directly with age and central corneal thickness (CCT), and inversely with corneal diameter, spherical equivalent (SE), and keratoconus. Based on standardized coefficients of the regression model, CCT and SE had the strongest association with IOP. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, we demonstrated the IOP distribution in a young population using a non-contact method. CCT and SE were strongly associated with IOP.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The aim was to determine the prevalence of convergence insufficiency and its relationship with age, gender and refractive error in a population-based study. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, all residents over one year old in Mashhad city, in the north east of Iran, were sampled through random stratified cluster sampling. After selecting samples and their participation in the study, they all had eye examinations including the measurement of visual acuity, refraction, binocular vision assessment, including cover test, measurement of near point of convergence and fusional vergences and finally, slitlamp biomicroscopy. RESULTS: Of the 4,453 selected people, 3,132 participated in the study and finally, analyses were done with data from 2,219 individuals. The mean age of the participants was 30.5 ± 14.0 years (range: 10 to 69). The prevalence of convergence insufficiency in this study was 5.51 per cent (range: 4.51 to 6.52): 4.78 per cent (range: 3.11 to 6.45) in males and 5.86 per cent (range: 4.60 to 7.11) in females (p = 0.276). Convergence insufficiency prevalence in different age groups showed no significant linear trend; however, a significant increase was observed after the age of 60 years. The prevalence of myopia, emmetropia and hyperopia was respectively 12.1, 56.9 and 31 per cent in participants with convergence insufficiency and 15.9, 54.4 and 29.6 per cent in those without convergence insufficiency (p = 0.537). Multiple logistic regression models revealed no significant relationship between the prevalence of convergence insufficiency and age, gender or refractive errors. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the overall prevalence of convergence insufficiency in the Iranian population was 5.46 per cent, which is lower than that in the majority of previous studies. Convergence insufficiency prevalence had no significant change with age up to the age of 60 years but increased significantly after 60 years.
