Subject(s)
Gammainfluenzavirus/genetics , Genome, Viral , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Phylogeny , Child, Preschool , Female , Genes, Viral , Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus , Humans , Infant , Gammainfluenzavirus/isolation & purification , Japan/epidemiology , Male , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
Self-incompatibility (SI) in Brassicaceae is sporophytically controlled by a single S-locus with multi allelic variety. The male S determinant, SP11/SCR (S-locus protein 11/S-locus cysteine-rich protein), is a small cysteine-rich protein, and the female S determinant, SRK (S-locus receptor kinase), functions as a receptor for SP11 at the surface of stigma papilla cells. Although a few of the following downstream factors in the SP11-SRK signaling cascade have been identified, a comprehensive understanding of the SI mechanism still remains unexplained in Brassicaceae. Analysis of self-compatible (SC) mutants is significant for understanding the molecular mechanism in SI reactions, thus we screened SC lines from a variety of Japanese bulk-populations of B. rapa vegetables. Two lines, TSC4 and TSC28, seem to have disruptions in the SI signaling cascade, while the other line, TSC2, seems to have a deficiency in a female S determinant, SRK. In TSC4 and TSC28, known SI-related factors, i.e. SRK, SP11, MLPK (M-locus protein kinase), THL (thioredoxin-h-like), and ARC1 (arm repeat containing 1), were expressed normally, and their expression levels were comparable with those in SI lines. On a B. rapa genetic linkage map, potential SC genes in TSC4 and TSC28 were mapped on linkage groups A3 and A1, respectively, whereas MLPK, ARC1, and THL were mapped on A3, A4, and A6, respectively. Although potential SC genes of TSC4 and MLPK were on the same linkage group, their positions were apparently independent. These results indicate that the SC genes of TSC4 and TSC28 are independent from the S-locus or known SI-related genes. Thus, the SC lines selected here have mutations in novel factors of the SI signaling cascade, and they will contribute to fill pieces in a signal transduction pathway of the SI system in Brassicaceae.
Subject(s)
Brassica rapa/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Plant Proteins/genetics , Protein Kinases/genetics , Amino Acid Sequence , Base Sequence , Brassica/genetics , Brassica napus/genetics , Brassica rapa/enzymology , Brassica rapa/metabolism , Chromosome Mapping , DNA Primers , Japan , Molecular Sequence Data , Phenotype , Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sequence Alignment , Sequence Homology, Amino Acid , Signal Transduction , Vegetables/enzymology , Vegetables/geneticsABSTRACT
AIM: To evaluate the efficacy, outcome, and side effects of tissue plasminogen activator for cerebral infarction in patients aged 75 years or older. METHODS: Subjects consisted of 30 patients who had been treated with tissue plasminogen activator between October, 2005 and March 2009, in Shimane University Hospital. We divided the patients into two groups: those less than 75 years old and those 75 years old and older, and evaluated the pattern of disease, therapeutic efficacy, side effects of bleeding, and factors affecting the modified Rankin Scale on discharge. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between groups in the improvement level of NIH Stroke Scale (p=0.66), but modified Rankin Scale 2 or lower patients on discharge were significantly fewer (p=0.02). Multivariate analysis found that age was a factor in significant outcome deterioration (p=0.04, OR1.2). In the older patient group, there were significantly more unfavorable outcomes with anterior infarction. However, there was no significant difference between groups in outcome in patients with ASPECTS-DWI (Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT Score-Diffusion Weight Imaging) > or =8. There was no difference in the rate of hemorrhagic side effect between the two groups. CONCLUSION: We can expect effects similar to those in patients younger than 75 years if the ischemic lesions of older patients are narrow when coming to the hospital.
Subject(s)
Cerebral Infarction/drug therapy , Tissue Plasminogen Activator/therapeutic use , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Prognosis , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
A Japanese case with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) associated with the transthyretin mutation Thr60Ala (Appalachian-type mutation) is described This is the first reported case of a non-Caucasian harboring this type of TTR mutation. The patient developed severe late-onset restrictive cardiomyopathy as well as sensorimotor and autonomic polyneuropathy, which were essentially similar to the previously reported clinical pictures of Appalachian-type FAP.
