[Radial endobronchial ultrasound combined with transbronchial lung cryobiopsy in differential diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrate]. / Radial'naya endobronkhial'naya ul'trasonografiya v kombinatsii s endoskopicheskoi transbronkhial'noi kriobiopsiei v differentsial'noi diagnostike infil'trata v legkom.

Differential diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates is difficult due to the absence of specific clinical and radiological manifestations. Differential diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates usually includes the following «triad¼: pneumonia, tuberculosis, lung cancer. Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis is based on microbiological examination of sputum and bronchoscopic respiratory samples - bronchial washing and bronchoalveolar lavage. Efficiency of molecular genetic methods (including express tests) in detecting M. tuberculosis DNA can reach 91-98%. Therefore, treatment may be started without data of microbiological examination. Nevertheless, there are rare cases of false-positive results of PCR in patients with non-tuberculous lung lesions. This aspect often results false diagnosis and delayed verification of true cause of lung lesion. Another adverse effect is associated with anti-tuberculosis therapy. Endoscopic transbronchial lung biopsy and its modern version (transbronchial cryobiopsy) as a minimally invasive diagnostic procedure are performed in such patients. These methods require a sufficiently high experience and qualification of specialist and following such aspects as navigation techniques and balloon bronchial blocking. We present this clinical case as a demonstration of modern possibilities of multimodal navigational bronchoscopic diagnosis with transbronchial cryobiopsy for local pulmonary infiltrate.

[Mechanisms of neutral red transport through the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract]. / Mekhanizmy transporta neitral'rot cherez slizistuiu obolochku zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta.

The conditions of the passage of neutral red into the cavity of gastro--intestinal tract were investigated during the atropine blockade of the stomach secretory activity in the dogs with fundal, antral and duodenal fistulas. The neutral red begins to cross the gastric mucosa only after the PH of the perfusing solution has achieved 2.5 and for intestine--5.0. The intensity of the neutral red passage increases with further decrease of the perfusing solution pH. During perfusion of acid solutions through the stomach and particularly through the duodenum, retrodiffusion of H+ occurs into the mucosa. The excretion of neutral red into the cavity of gastro--intestinal tract seems to be a process of passive diffusion. The role of the H+ retrodiffusion in this process is discussed.