Significance of left ventricular clefts-A case report.

We describe the case of a 48-year-old patient who presented with an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to an acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Left ventriculography performed during the initial coronary angiography revealed the presence of structural abnormalities in the myocardial wall which subsequently, with the use of contrast echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, were confirmed to represent ventricular clefts. We reviewed the pathophysiological significance of these defects and compared them with similarly looking abnormalities such as aneurysms, pseudoaneurysms, and diverticula. In conclusion, recognition of ventricular clefts is needed to allow clinicians to differentiate them from other myocardial wall defects with different pathological profile and clinical significance. .

Presentation of an embolised Amplatzer septal occluder to the main pulmonary artery 2 years after implantation.

Percutaneous occlusion techniques of secundum type atrial septal defects have recently become the treatment of choice, delivering excellent results and being associated with a low rate of early and late complications. The investigators report an unusually delayed presentation of acute right heart failure due to Amplatzer septal device embolisation into the main pulmonary artery, 2 years after implantation.

Cardiac tamponade because of left atrium direct invasion by a large cell neuroendocrine metastatic carcinoma of the lung.

A 53-year-old man presented with cardiac tamponade due to direct invasion of left atrium by a large cell neuroendocrine metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. Direct invasion of left atrial cavity by this type of lung tumour is rare. When cardiac involvement is suspected, two-dimensional echocardiography is the first-line diagnostic tool. Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging can provide additional anatomical information and, as in this case, further delineation of the relation between intracavity masses and normal structures, including the mural site of attachment and tumour extension.

Rescue angioplasty after failed thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND: The appropriate treatment for patients in whom reperfusion fails to occur after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction remains unclear. There are few data comparing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (rescue PCI) with conservative care in such patients, and none comparing rescue PCI with repeated thrombolysis. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter trial in the United Kingdom involving 427 patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in whom reperfusion failed to occur (less than 50 percent ST-segment resolution) within 90 minutes after thrombolytic treatment. The patients were randomly assigned to repeated thrombolysis (142 patients), conservative treatment (141 patients), or rescue PCI (144 patients). The primary end point was a composite of death, reinfarction, stroke, or severe heart failure within six months. RESULTS: The rate of event-free survival among patients treated with rescue PCI was 84.6 percent, as compared with 70.1 percent among those receiving conservative therapy and 68.7 percent among those undergoing repeated thrombolysis (overall P=0.004). The adjusted hazard ratio for the occurrence of the primary end point for repeated thrombolysis versus conservative therapy was 1.09 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.71 to 1.67; P=0.69), as compared with adjusted hazard ratios of 0.43 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.26 to 0.72; P=0.001) for rescue PCI versus repeated thrombolysis and 0.47 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.28 to 0.79; P=0.004) for rescue PCI versus conservative therapy. There were no significant differences in mortality from all causes. Nonfatal bleeding, mostly at the sheath-insertion site, was more common with rescue PCI. At six months, 86.2 percent of the rescue-PCI group were free from revascularization, as compared with 77.6 percent of the conservative-therapy group and 74.4 percent of the repeated-thrombolysis group (overall P=0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Event-free survival after failed thrombolytic therapy was significantly higher with rescue PCI than with repeated thrombolysis or conservative treatment. Rescue PCI should be considered for patients in whom reperfusion fails to occur after thrombolytic therapy.

Acute cardiogenic shock immediately after successful intervention for failed thrombolysis.

We report the case of a 60-year-old female with a history of hypertension who was admitted with an acute inferior myocardial infarction. She received rescue percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty/stenting of an occluded right coronary artery for failed thrombolysis with a good initial result. However, this was immediately complicated by cardiogenic shock characterized by left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient. She was treated with intravenous fluids and adrenaline. Predischarge echocardiography showed no LVOT gradient and features of left ventricular hypertrophy that mainly affected the septum.