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OBJECTIVE: Cytogenetic analysis of the effects of sodium humate in induced γ irradiation mutagenesis in Allium test. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analysis of the root meristem cells of Allium cepa L. seeds carried by ana telophase. Inves tigated the effect of sodium humate (100 mg/l) on cytogenetic effects γ irradiation (137Cs) at doses of 5, 10 and 20 Gy. RESULTS: Antimutagenic effect of sodium humate was revealed, what allows to consider it as potential therapeutic modifier of radiation damage. Antimutagenic effect of sodium humate increased with increasing irradiation dose. Spotted differential activity of the drug with respect to various types of aberrations are most effectively reducing the frequency of radiation markers mutagenesis - chromosomal aberrations manifested in lower efficiency of long term survivors against potential changes of chromosomes compared with short lived. CONCLUSIONS: Revealed different mechanisms for implementing antimutagenic properties of sodium humate in con dition of γ irradiation induced mutagenesis in Allium test.
Subject(s)
Chromosomes , Allium , Cesium Radioisotopes , Chromosome Aberrations , SodiumABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The definition of a contribution of the carriage of the G1691A allele of thecoagulation factor V gene and the G20210A allele of the coagulation factor II gene in the development of thrombosis in Ph negative myeloprolifer ative neoplasms (MPN) patients, who were irradiated in the dose range 0,001 0,99 Gy and who were not. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical and molecular genetic characteristics of patients with radiation associated and spontaneous polycythemia vera (PV), essential trombotsytemiya (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) were ana lyzed. The group of radiation associated PV, ET and PMF represented by 35, 10 and 22 patients respectively, and the cohort of spontaneous PV, ET and PMF - 149, 111 and 78 patients respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The carriage of any of the two molecular genetic markers of hereditary thrombophilia at spontaneous PMF increases the frequency (3 of 6 vs 8 of 72; p = 0.033) and risk (RR = 6.09; 95 % CI = 1.40-26.43) of thrombosis. The presence of the G1691A allele of the proaccelerin gene in patients with PMF, who were not exposed to ionizing radiation, causes increase the likelihood of venous thrombosis at 10.14 times (95 % CI = 1.67-61.33). At spontaneous and radiation associated Ph negative MPN (in individuals exposed to doses in the range 0,001-0,99 Gy), the higher rate of the occurrence of venous, arterial and any thrombosis was observed in carriers of the G1691A allele the coagulation factor V gene, than in those, whose have the wild type allele. In particular, the G1691A allele of the proaccelerin gene carriers, that are belonged to the group of patients with radiation associated PV, have at 33.33 person years bigger rate of any thrombosis (95 % CI = 0.22-100.00, p = 0.048) and venous vascular events (95 % CI = 12.50-50.00; p = 0.003).In PMF patients with a radiation anamnesis were found the difference (20.00 person years; 95 % CI = 1.51-50.00, p = 0.035) between the ratio of any thrombosis and arterial vascular events, which was calculated for the G1691A allele of the proaccelerin gene and for those, who have the wild type allele. The carriers of the G20210A nucleotide variant of the coagulation factor II gene with spontaneous ET and PMF, compared with patients with the wild type allele, have a higher rate of venous thrombosis per 100 patient years.
Subject(s)
Thrombophilia , Chernobyl Nuclear Accident , Factor V , Humans , Myeloproliferative Disorders , ThrombosisABSTRACT
The aim of this work was to analyze the relationship between polymorphisms of DNA repair gene XPD Lys751Gln and frequency and spectrum of chromosome aberrations in the culture of peripheral blood lymphocytes of thyroid cancer (TC) patients having been exposed to ionizing radiation due to the Chornobyl accident. MATERIALS AND METHODS: XPD Lys751Gln polymorphisms were detected by polymerase chain reaction in 102 TC patients including 38 patients exposed to ionizing radiation due to Chornobyl disaster (Chornobyl recovery workers, evacuees, and the residents of contaminated areas), 64 patients without history of ionizing radiation exposure and 45 healthy residents of Ukraine as control group. RESULTS: In homozygous carriers of the minor allele XPD Gln751Gln, exposed to ionizing radiation, the significantly increased risk of TC (odds ratio = 3.66; p = 0.03; 95% confidence interval 1.04-12.84) was found. Among evacuees and residents of contaminated areas, homozygous carriers of the minor allele variants of XPD gene were characterized by the high level of spontaneous chromosome aberrations. TC patients without history of ionizing radiation exposure, being homozygous carriers of the allele XPD Lys751Lys, had significantly reduced frequency of chromosome-type aberrations. CONCLUSIONS: The carriage of homozygous minor allele of DNA repair gene XPD Gln751Gln is a risk factor for TC in persons from Ukrainian population exposed to ionizing radiation and is associated with the increased levels of chromosomal instability. This article is a part of a Special Issue entitled "The Chornobyl Nuclear Accident: Thirty Years After".
Subject(s)
Chernobyl Nuclear Accident , Chromosome Aberrations/radiation effects , Lymphocytes/metabolism , Lymphocytes/radiation effects , Polymorphism, Genetic , Radiation, Ionizing , Thyroid Neoplasms/etiology , Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein/genetics , Alleles , Amino Acid Substitution , Case-Control Studies , Codon , DNA Repair/genetics , Gene Frequency , Genotype , Humans , Odds RatioABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work was to determine and compare the features of DNA repair gene XRCC1 Arg399Gln and XPD Lys751Gln polymorphisms in patients with thyroid cancer (TC), who were exposed to ionizing radiation (IR) as a result of the Chornobyl disaster, and in patients without exposure to ionizing radiation in history. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Determination of gene XRCC1 Arg399Gln and XPD Lys751Gln polymorphisms was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 102 patients with thyroid cancer: 38 people, who were exposed to ionizing radiation due to Chornobyl disaster (members of the accident, and evacuees and residents from controlled areas contaminated with radionuclides), 64 individuals without exposure to ionizing radiation in history and 41 persons residents of Ukraine without cancer pathology in the control group. For comparison of the data on spontaneous and radiation-associated thyroid cancer and settlement of allele frequencies differences and risk of cancer pathology were used the literature data on control groups of populations of Russia, Belarus and Poland. RESULTS: Comparing to the literature data on XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphisms in radiation-exposed individuals without cancer pathology, the risk of thyroid cancer in homozygous minor allele XRCC1 Gln399Gln carriers, who were exposed to ionizing radiation was significantly increased: OR = 4,14, p = 0,001 (CI95 % 1,72-9,93). In homozygous carriers of the minor allele of the gene XPD Lys751Gln, exposed to IR, revealed increased risk of thyroid cancer: OR = 3,30, p = 0,05 (CI 95 % 0,82-14,14), when compared with the control group of Ukrainian population. CONCLUSIONS: The carriage of homozygous minor allele Gln399Gln XRCC1 and XPD Gln751Gln of DNA repair genes is a risk factor for thyroid cancer under the influence of ionizing radiation in research group of Ukrainian population.
ABSTRACT
Objective - to determine and compare the features of DNA repair gene XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphisms in patients with thyroid cancer (TC), who were exposed to ionizing radiation as a result of the Chornobyl disaster, and in patients without exposure to ionizing radiation in history. Materials and methods. Determination of gene XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphisms was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 102 patients with thyroid cancer: 38 people, who were exposed to ionizing radiation due to Chornobyl disaster (clean-up workers, evacuees and residents from controlled areas contaminated with radionuclides) and 64 individuals without exposure to ionizing radiation in anamnesis. The literature data on control groups of populations of Russia and Belarus were used for comparison of the data on spontaneous and radiation-associated thyroid cancer and calculation of allele frequencies differences and risk of cancer pathology. Results. Frequency of minor allele Arg399Gln XRCC1 gene and homozygous carriers of this allele in patients with thyroid cancer, who were exposed to ionizing radiation due to Chornobyl disaster was significantly higher than in patients without exposure to ionizing radiation in anamnesis (0.57 and 0.37, p = 0.006 and 34.21 % and 7.81 %, p = 0.001, respectively). Comparing to the literature data on XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphisms in radiation-exposed individuals without cancer pathology, the risk of thyroid cancer in homozygous minor allele XRCC1 Gln399Gln carriers, who were exposed to ionizing radiation was significantly increased: OR = 4.14, p = 0.001 (CI95 % 1.72-9.93). Conclusions. The carrying of homozygous minor allele Gln399Gln of DNA repair gene XRCC1 is a risk factor for thyroid cancer under the influence of ionizing radiation in research group of Ukrainian population.
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Objective. Comprehensive cytogenetic analysis of the effects of sodium lignohumate in induced γ-irradiation mutagenesis in Allium-test. Materials and methods. Analysis of the root meristem cells of Allium cepa L. seeds carried by ana-telophase. Lignohumate investigated the effect of sodium (100 mg/l) on cytogenetic effects γ-irradiation (137Cs) at doses of 5, 10 and 20 Gy. Results. Polyfunctionality lignohumate sodium antimutagen as provided by the presence not only antioxidant properties, but other antimutagenic mechanisms. Thus Lignohumate sodium exhibits radioprotective properties of the therapeutic. Stimulation of repair processes influenced lignohumate depends on the radiation dose. It is most effective at a dose of 5 Gy. Upon irradiation at doses of 10 Gy and 20 predominate, other mechanisms, including stimulation of apoptosis and repopulation. Spotted differential activity of the drug with respect to various types of aberrations are most effectively reducing the frequency of radiation markers mutagenesis - chromosomal aberrations manifested in lower efficiency of long term survivors against potential changes of chromosomes compared with short-lived. Conclusions. Revealed multiple mechanisms for implementing antimutagenic properties lignohumate sodium γ-irradiation-induced mutagenesis in Allium-test.
ABSTRACT
It was shown that sodium humate in a range of concentration of 50-1000 mg/l reduces a level of clastogenic effects induced with dioxidin (20 mg/l), a prooxidant mutagene. The greatest effect was observed at concentration of 300 mg/l. Direct doze-effect dependence under the influence of sodium humate was not revealed. Possible antioxydative and desmutagenic mechanisms of sodium humate protective action are discussed.
Subject(s)
Antimutagenic Agents/pharmacology , Humic Substances , Meristem/drug effects , Onions/drug effects , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Meristem/genetics , Meristem/growth & development , Mutagens/toxicity , Onions/genetics , Onions/growth & development , Oxidative Stress/genetics , Quinoxalines/toxicityABSTRACT
The influence of dioxidin in different concentrations (10-100 mg/l) on the cytogenetic parameters of Allium cepa L. has been studied. The mutagenic effect of dioxidin was shown within all the range of the studied concentrations. The curve "dose-effect" has been determined for the concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 100 mg/l. The peak of the mutagenic effect and significant reduction of the mitotic index were revealed at the concentration of 100 mg/l. It was shown that the mutagenic efficiency of the dioxidin statistically correlated with reduction of the mitotic activities.
