ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: HIV-1 undergoes extensive genetic variation in infected individuals. The extent of genetic variation has been examined in patients with AIDS, but little is known regarding the appearance of HIV-1 genetic variation immediately following infection during the primary phase of HIV-1 infection prior to seroconversion. DESIGN: We examined HIV-1 genetic variation during this early phase of HIV-1 infection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nucleotide sequence analysis of the V4 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nucleotide sequence analysis of the V4 variable region and the CD4-binding domain. RESULTS: Our results demonstrate that extensive sequence variation is seen early after infection, although a predominant HIV-1 species is maintained. CONCLUSIONS: The type of variants that occur are dynamic, changing over time, and the mutations seen are consistent with those expected from random occurrence, unlike the pattern of variation previously reported during later stages of disease.
Subject(s)
Genetic Variation , HIV Infections/genetics , HIV-1/genetics , Adult , Amino Acid Sequence , Base Sequence , Blotting, Western , HIV Infections/microbiology , Humans , Male , Molecular Sequence Data , Mutation , Sequence Homology, Nucleic AcidABSTRACT
In contrast to many corals of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, which are synchronous multispecific spawners, the abundant coral species in the northern Red Sea, Israel, exhibit temporal reproductive isolation. Spawning dates of 12 of the 13 Red Sea species followed lunar periodicity and were consistent throughout 3 years of study. Spawning periods of all species occurred in different seasons, different months, or different lunar phases within the same month. The high abundance of the corals studied at Eilat may be due in part to the advantages gained through not having overlapping spawning periods and settlement times.
