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1.
Urologiia ; (4): 128-136, 2016 Aug.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28247740

ABSTRACT

Focal therapy involving destruction of prostate specific region containing a clinically meaningful tumor is a new treatment for prostate cancer. Despite the absence of long-term results of applying this method of treatment, there are prerequisites that allow to consider focal therapy as a method with a lower risk of side effects typical of conventional treatment. Focal laser thermocoagulation is a developing technique with a number of advantages, the most important of which is the ability to perform the treatment under the real-time magnetic resonance imaging control. This review describes the principles of laser thermocoagulation, and presents the data of already published clinical studies, as well as the eligibility criteria for focal laser thermocoagulation of prostate cancer. The prospects of development of the method are discussed.


Subject(s)
Laser Therapy , Prostatic Neoplasms/surgery , Clinical Trials as Topic , Humans , Male , Patient Selection
2.
Urologiia ; (6): 142-148, 2016 Dec.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28248060

ABSTRACT

In recent years, the number of organ-sparing operations for renal tumors has been increasing steadily due to comparable oncological outcomes and the desire to preserve functioning renal parenchyma. Another technique, which is becoming increasingly popular, is so-called zero ischemia partial nephrectomy, which allows bleeding to be controlled during the operation without clamping the renal artery, thus avoiding renal ischemic injury. One of the most interesting and promising instruments for partial nephrectomy is a laser radiation. It combines good cutting and coagulating properties, thus enabling partial nephrectomy to be carried out without vascular clamping. This literature review presents the physical basis of laser technology and evidence from published clinical studies on using of various types of laser radiation for partial nephrectomy. The prospects for further development of the technique are discussed.


Subject(s)
Kidney Neoplasms/surgery , Laser Therapy/methods , Lasers, Gas/therapeutic use , Nephrectomy/methods , Organ Sparing Treatments/methods , Humans
3.
Urologiia ; (1): 90-3, 2015.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26094395

ABSTRACT

Treatment and prevention of diseases of the male reproductive organs largely influence male population fertility and the health of the future generations. This review summarizes current views on the problem of infectious balanoposthitis and presents generalized information on its pathogens. Refined classification and diagnostic workup are provided. The important role of pathogenic microflora in the formation of the glans penis and foreskin inflammation is shown. Importance of Enterococcus spp. in the etiology of balanoposthitis is demonstrated. The modern treatment regimens and prevention of balanoposthitis are described.


Subject(s)
Balanitis , Enterococcus , Streptococcal Infections , Balanitis/classification , Balanitis/diagnosis , Balanitis/microbiology , Balanitis/therapy , Humans , Male , Streptococcal Infections/classification , Streptococcal Infections/diagnosis , Streptococcal Infections/therapy
4.
Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk ; (3): 12-6, 2008.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18421903

ABSTRACT

This work shows the Codivac efficiency in its aerosol form to treat children sick of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections. Course of therapy with the Codivac drug leads to improve clinical picture and rapid elimination virus from human organism as compared with children undergone traditional therapy. Recovery is accompanied with improving of indices of cell immunity. The article shows the prospects of use Codivac to prevent and treat respiratory infections.


Subject(s)
Actinomycetales/physiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bacterial Infections/prevention & control , Bacterial Vaccines/therapeutic use , Diphtheria Toxoid/pharmacology , Diphtheria Toxoid/therapeutic use , Microbiology/trends , Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention & control , Acute Disease , Administration, Inhalation , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Drug Administration Schedule , Forecasting , Humans , Infant , T-Lymphocytes/drug effects , Time Factors
5.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17882831

ABSTRACT

Results of the conducted study showed that naturally acquired antibacterial and postvaccinal antitoxic antibodies against diphtheria were found in human blood sera. Challenge of ADT-M toxoid to adults resulted in production of antitoxic as well as antibacterial antibodies in high concentrations. In response to challenge of ADT-M toxoid simultaneously with bacterial vaccine against diphtheria Codivac both antibacterial and antitoxic antibodies were synthesized in blood on optimal physiologic levels. This study revealed dynamics of some specific characteristics of humoral immune response after challenge of two different vaccines against diphtheria--ADT-M toxoid and Codivac vaccine.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Corynebacterium diphtheriae/immunology , Diphtheria Antitoxin/blood , Diphtheria Toxoid/administration & dosage , Diphtheria Toxoid/immunology , Diphtheria/blood , Immunization , Adult , Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine/administration & dosage , Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine/immunology , Humans , Middle Aged , Vaccines, Combined/administration & dosage , Vaccines, Combined/immunology
6.
Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk ; (1): 24-8, 2006.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16496952

ABSTRACT

Corynebacteria, being ancient symbionts of open cavities of human body, carry unique, balanced immunogenic stimuli, formed in the process of evolution, thus maintaining non-specific resistance at a certain level. They favor formation of human microcenotic communities as a normal biological and physiological phenomenon. Codivak, a preparation of natural antigens of a symbiotic strain of non-toxigenic diphtherial corynebacteria, is able to correct not only disturbances of oropharyngeal immunity, but also general cell-mediated and humoral immunity disorders.


Subject(s)
Adjuvants, Immunologic , Corynebacterium diphtheriae/immunology , Cytomegalovirus Infections/therapy , Diphtheria Toxoid/therapeutic use , Herpesviridae Infections/therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis , Antibody Formation , Antigens, CD/analysis , Carrier State/immunology , Child , Child, Preschool , Diphtheria/immunology , Ecosystem , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Humans , Immunity, Cellular , Immunoglobulins/analysis , Middle Aged , Oropharynx/immunology , Symbiosis
7.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15773398

ABSTRACT

In human sera, studied with the use of the enzyme immunoassay, antidiphtheria postvaccinal antitoxic IgG and naturally acquired antibacterial IgG, IgM and IgA were detected. In the blood of children and adults aged up to 50 years antitoxic IgG were present at normal and high concentrations. In 50% of children antibacterial IgA were absent, while specific antibacterial IgM could be found at high concentrations. Changes in the content of antibacterial antibodies of different classes in sera were observed with age. More than 90% of adults had antibacterial IgA and IgG at normal and hig concentrations, while the level of IgM decreased. Under the influence of ecological, social, anthropogenic and other environmental factors the optimum levels of specific antibodies were replaced by anomalous ones, which led to an increased number of persons susceptible to diphtheria infection and in the intensity of the circulation of the infective agent. The deficiency of antidiphtheria antibacterial antibodies in the blood determined the necessity of correcting immunity by means of not only toxoid, but also bacterial antigens.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Corynebacterium diphtheriae/immunology , Diphtheria/prevention & control , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Antibody Specificity , Child , Child, Preschool , Diphtheria Toxoid/administration & dosage , Diphtheria Toxoid/immunology , Health Surveys , Humans , Immunoglobulin A/blood , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Medical Staff , Meningococcal Vaccines/immunology , Meningococcal Vaccines/standards , Middle Aged , Military Personnel , Russia
8.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12506628

ABSTRACT

The enzyme immunoassay system (EIA) for differentiation of antibodies in therapeutic heterogeneous antitoxic serum and antibodies to Corynebacterium diphtheriae toxigenic strains in patients and carriers was developed. The use of EIA permitted the dynamic evaluation of the characteristics of humoral antitoxic and antibacterial immune response in 50 patients with the localized and disseminated forms of stomatopharyngeal diphtheria and 14 "healthy" carriers of toxigenic C. diphtheriae. As revealed in this study, the symptoms of the disease in patients with disseminated forms of stomatopharyngeal diphtheria developed in the presence of statistically significant low quantitative values of antitoxic and antibacterial antibodies to C. diphtheriae antigens. In the group of patients with the localized forms of the disease the initially low level of antitoxic antibodies was detected with the concentration of antibacterial antibodies remaining unchanged. During the period of convalescence the levels of antitoxic antibodies in both groups reached those of healthy persons. In case of localized forms of the disease the level of antibacterial antibodies decreased as compared with healthy persons, starting from the second week of the disease. The period of convalescence in the disseminated forms was characterized by the low concentration of antibacterial antibodies. Carrier state was formed in the presence of high levels of antitoxic antibodies and significantly low levels of antibacterial ones.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology , Carrier State/immunology , Corynebacterium diphtheriae/immunology , Diphtheria Antitoxin/immunology , Diphtheria/immunology , Oropharynx/microbiology , Adolescent , Adult , Convalescence , Corynebacterium diphtheriae/isolation & purification , Humans , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Russia , Urban Population
9.
Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol ; (12): 62-6, 1990 Dec.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2129148

ABSTRACT

In this investigation lymphocytes sensitized with Corynebacterium diphtheriae antigens obtained from carriers and convalescents were used. The new diphtheria bacterial vaccine Codivac, in contrast to other comparable preparations (diphtheria toxoid, staphylococcal toxoid, staphylococcal vaccine, levamisole), was found to produce a more direct effect by modulating the levels of T-lymphocytes, depending on their initial levels in the patient. Codivac, together with other preparations, can be used for the study of the problems of immunostimulation and immunocorrective therapy.


Subject(s)
Adjuvants, Immunologic , Diphtheria Toxoid/immunology , Adolescent , Adult , Antigens, Bacterial/immunology , Cells, Cultured/drug effects , Cells, Cultured/immunology , Corynebacterium diphtheriae/immunology , Diphtheria Toxoid/pharmacology , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Humans , Levamisole/pharmacology , Middle Aged , Staphylococcal Toxoid/pharmacology , Staphylococcal Vaccines/pharmacology , T-Lymphocytes/drug effects , T-Lymphocytes/immunology
10.
Lab Delo ; (4): 51-5, 1989.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2470970

ABSTRACT

Measurements of precipitating antidiphtheria antitoxic and antibacterial antibodies in human blood sera, carried out by this new technique, have demonstrated higher levels of both antibody types in healthy adult vaccinees than in normal subjects who had contacts with diphtheria patients. Convalescents after diphtheria develop elevated levels of antitoxic and antibacterial antibodies, these levels growing to reach the concentrations similar to those in healthy vaccinees.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis , Corynebacterium diphtheriae/immunology , Diphtheria/immunology , Immunodiffusion/methods , Humans
11.
Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol ; (12): 100-3, 1988 Dec.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3149838

ABSTRACT

The enzyme immunoassay system for the detection of specific antibacterial antibodies to Corynebacterium diphtheriae membrane protein (mol. wt. 64 KD) has been used. The physicochemical nature of these antibacterial antibodies has been established and their quantitative characteristics have been determined. The analysis of the dynamics of the formation of antimicrobial IgG- and IgM-antibodies in diphtheria patients (on days 3-28 of the disease) has shown that by the time of convalescence the antibody level increases about 200-fold (p less than 0.0001). The possibility of using the dynamics of the formation of specific antimicrobial IgM-antibodies for the serodiagnosis of carrier state is shown, even if the increase of the level of antimicrobial IgG-antibodies is insufficient for this purpose (not more than twofold).


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis , Carrier State/immunology , Corynebacterium diphtheriae/immunology , Diphtheria/immunology , Antibody Specificity , Antigens, Bacterial/immunology , Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/immunology , Humans , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Immunoglobulin G/analysis , Immunoglobulin M/analysis , Molecular Weight , Time Factors
12.
Antibiot Khimioter ; 33(8): 601-5, 1988 Aug.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3143322

ABSTRACT

The total protein fraction was obtained by extraction with nonionic detergent NP-40. The fraction composition and molecular parameters were studied with DDS-Na electrophoresis in polyacryl amide gel. Common properties of the Corynebacterium diphtheriae protein fraction 66 kD and an analogous fraction of the cell walls of staphylococci and the measles virus were shown with immunoblotting. Cell-mediated mechanisms of the immune response to contact with antigens of Corynebacterium diphtheriae cell walls were revealed.


Subject(s)
Adjuvants, Immunologic , Antigens, Bacterial/immunology , Corynebacterium diphtheriae/immunology , Animals , Antigens, Bacterial/isolation & purification , Antigens, Viral/immunology , Antigens, Viral/isolation & purification , Bacterial Proteins/immunology , Bacterial Proteins/isolation & purification , Cell Fractionation , Cell Wall/immunology , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Humans , Immunity, Cellular , Immunoblotting , Measles virus/immunology , Membrane Proteins/immunology , Membrane Proteins/isolation & purification , Mice , Solubility , Staphylococcus aureus/immunology
13.
Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol ; (9): 115-9, 1987 Sep.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2446452

ABSTRACT

A diagnostic EIA system for the detection of antibacterial antibodies in diphtheria infection has been developed. As antigen, homogeneous membrane protein (mol. wt. 64 KD) obtained from Corynebacterium diphtheriae cell walls has been used. This protein antigen has been prepared with the use of nonionic detergent NP-40.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis , Corynebacterium diphtheriae/immunology , Diphtheria/diagnosis , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Adsorption , Antibodies, Bacterial/isolation & purification , Antibody Specificity , Antigens, Bacterial/analysis , Antigens, Bacterial/isolation & purification , Bacterial Proteins/analysis , Bacterial Proteins/isolation & purification , Cell Wall/immunology , Epitopes/analysis , Humans , Immunoassay , Solubility
14.
Biokhimiia ; 52(6): 978-83, 1987 Jun.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2444270

ABSTRACT

A method for isolation of immunochemically active proteins from Corynebacterium diphtheria membranes was elaborated. The proteins were solubilized with the nonionic detergent NP-40 and gel-filtered through an Ultrogel AcA-34 column under denaturating conditions. The purified proteins (Mr = 64 kD) were antigenically active in a solid phase radioimmunoassay with human antidiphtheria antibodies.


Subject(s)
Corynebacterium diphtheriae/analysis , Membrane Proteins/isolation & purification , Amino Acids/analysis , Antigens, Bacterial/analysis , Cell Wall/analysis , Chromatography, Gel , Corynebacterium diphtheriae/immunology , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Epitopes/analysis , Humans , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Membrane Proteins/analysis , Membrane Proteins/immunology , Molecular Weight , Monosaccharides/analysis , Solubility
15.
Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol ; (10): 25-8, 1985 Oct.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3937387

ABSTRACT

A new method for making the reaction of the bacterial lysis of N. meningitidis strains has been developed, this method differing insignificantly from that recommended by the World Health Organization. The article presents the detailed descriptions of the preparation of Dulbecco's solution to be used in this reaction; the techniques of testing the sera of baby rabbits for the absence of antimeningococcal activity (the sera without such activity are used as the source of complement); the preparation of the meningococcal culture and the human sera under test for making the reaction; the techniques of making the controls and evaluating the results. This investigation has revealed that the reaction is highly sensitive and sero-group-specific. It has also confirmed the data on the presence of inherent bactericidal activity in some human sera after thermal inactivation and on the prozone phenomenon in the sera with high titers. This reaction has been used for the characterization of the sera of volunteers immunized with meningococcal bivalent vaccine A+C manufactured in the USSR.


Subject(s)
Bacteriolysis , Neisseria meningitidis/immunology , Animals , Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis , Bacterial Vaccines/immunology , Blood Bactericidal Activity , Buffers , Complement System Proteins/immunology , Humans , Immunologic Techniques , Rabbits , World Health Organization
16.
Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol ; (8): 26-30, 1985 Aug.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3933222

ABSTRACT

The chemical characteristics of 6 batches of the preparation, obtained from the cell wall of C. diphtheriae grown in liquid and solid culture media, with respect to their content of nitrogen, hexoses, pentoses, total amino sugars, lipids and to the possible admixture of nucleic acids are presented. From the results of the chemical analysis of these batches their standardization according to the ratio of total amino sugars and pentoses to total nitrogen in C. diphtheriae cell-wall preparation is proposed.


Subject(s)
Corynebacterium diphtheriae/analysis , Cell Wall/analysis , Chemical Phenomena , Chemistry , Corynebacterium diphtheriae/growth & development , Culture Media/metabolism , Methods , Suspensions
17.
Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol ; (2): 99-101, 1984 Feb.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6424364

ABSTRACT

The direct and IgG-mediated reactivity to C. diphtheriae peptidoglycan in the system of neutrophilic phagocytosis was studied. Peptidoglycan treated with IgG (2-20 mg/ml) isolated from commercial immunoglobulin stimulated the reduction of nitro blue tetrazolium by human neutrophils. Direct (IgG-independent) reactions were much less intensive. The problem of normal IgG opsonizing C. diphtheriae peptidoglycan is discussed.


Subject(s)
Corynebacterium diphtheriae/immunology , Immunoglobulin G/immunology , Neutrophils/immunology , Peptidoglycan/immunology , Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic , Humans , Neutrophils/metabolism , Nitroblue Tetrazolium/metabolism , Opsonin Proteins/immunology , Oxidation-Reduction
19.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-411293

ABSTRACT

At the active developmental phases (up to 2 days) cells of toxigenic and nontoxigenic corynebacteria form extracellular vesicle-like material of two types which can be revealed both on whole cells set off by metal and stained negatively, and in ultrathin sections. Extracellular material of the first type is a derivative of an extensive membranous coat of corynebacteria and is formed as a result of its fragmentation. Vesicles of this type are devoid of electron microscope-dense content, have no tendency to coalescence, and fail to promote cell agglutination. Extracellular material of the second type is primarily formed by local thickening of the surface wall layer limited by its external dense layer and the main massif. These thickenings are filled with a microgranular substance of medium electron optic density; after accumulation this substance is released into the external environment. Vesicles of this type promote cell agglutination. Undoubtedly, extracellular material of the second type has a direct relation to the cell metabolic processes. Extracellular material of both types is encountered in all the cultures grown both on hard and in fluid nutrient media. However, in the latter case the process is apparently much more intensive. There is strict correlation between the morphology of the extracellular material and strain signs of the culture, although material of the second type is found to prevail in the cells from cultures possessing toxigenic activity.


Subject(s)
Corynebacterium/ultrastructure , Agglutination , Bacteriological Techniques , Cell Membrane/ultrastructure , Cell Wall/ultrastructure , Corynebacterium/pathogenicity , Corynebacterium diphtheriae/ultrastructure , Culture Media , Species Specificity , Surface Properties
20.
Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol ; (9): 121-6, 1976 Sep.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-827882

ABSTRACT

After 18 hours of growth on selective serum-agar medium C diphtheriae cultures with different toxicogenic activity, and also diphtheroid and Hoffmann's baccillus cultures were removed, washed of the remnants of the nutrient medium and fixed under cold conditions by two combined methods (with glutaric aldehyde-osmic acid--uranyl acetate, and potassium permeanganate--uranyl acetate). The preparations were studied in ultrathin sections. It appeared that corynebacteria had during the stationary phase of development a general structural plan characteristic of Gram positive microorganisms and for all the corynebacterium genus. Cells of diphtheria toxicognic strains had signs of the accelerated (in comparison with other strains) rate of development; the principal mass of toxicogenic cells after 18 hours of growth had morphological signs of the stage of rest. The majority of cells whose toxicogenicity was inconstant had an extensive microcapsule which was also a characteristic element of the diphtheroid and Hoffmann's bacillus ultrastructure. The total thickness of the walls in the cells of toxicogenic strains and of the strains whose toxicogenicity was inconstant constituted 190-200 A; in nontoxicogenic strains, diphtheroid and Hoffmann's bacillus it was from 230 to 320 A. Surface structures of corynebacteria were differentiated better in the cells with toxicogenic activity. In the majority of cells of nontoxicogenic strains and also diphtheroid and Hoffmann's bacillus individual wall layers were differentiated with difficulty.


Subject(s)
Corynebacterium diphtheriae/ultrastructure , Cell Wall/ultrastructure , Microscopy, Electron , Species Specificity
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