ABSTRACT
Toxic properties of acellular pertussis vaccine (APV) and morphological changes in white mice in response to intramuscular injection of APV (without or with immunomodulator glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide-GMDP) were under study. APV used in these experiments was developed at the Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera (the Russian Acad. Med. Sci.) on the basis of Bordetella pertussis cultures in synthetic fluid culture media. In experiments on acute and chronic toxicity of APV (without GMDP) increased tissue immunity reactions in spleen, thymus, liver, lungs and intestinal wall was detected. There was no difference in immunomorphological reactions in mice receiving APV with different doses of GMDP, but some difference was observed in time dynamics of tissue immunity reactions. A small dose of GMDP should be preferred (0.0001 microgram) which results in gradual growth of tissue immunity reactions less pronounced toxic reactions caused be the APV injection.
Subject(s)
Intestines/pathology , Liver/pathology , Lung/pathology , Pertussis Vaccine/pharmacology , Spleen/pathology , Thymus Gland/pathology , Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology , Animals , Immunity, Cellular , Intestines/immunology , Liver/immunology , Lung/immunology , Mice , Organ Specificity , Pertussis Vaccine/immunology , Spleen/immunology , Thymus Gland/immunology , Vaccines, Acellular/immunology , Vaccines, Acellular/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The humoral response of mice and rabbits to the injection of whole-cell pertussis vaccine (PV) and acellular pertussis vaccine (APV), developed at the Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera (Russian Acad. Med. Sci.) in Moscow, was studied. In the sera of immunized animals antibodies to the antigenic complex were determined in the direct hemagglutination (DHA) test, specific antibodies to filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and pertussis toxin (PT)--in the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and antibodies neutralizing PT in a cytopathogenic dose (CPD)--in neutralization test on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. In mice and rabbits immunized with APV the antibody titers determined in the DHA test were higher than those in the animals immunized with PV. Specific antibodies titers to FHA and PT in the sera of rabbits immunized with APV were also higher than those in the sera of rabbits immunized with PV. High dilutions of sera taken from the animals immunized with APC neutralized 4-16 doses of PT in the neutralization test on CHO cells. The most important result of this study was the detection of a more pronounced immune response in the animals immunized with APV in comparison with that induced by PV according to the results obtained in EIA and in the test of PT CPD neutralization on CHO cells.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis , Bordetella pertussis/immunology , Immunization , Pertussis Vaccine/immunology , Adhesins, Bacterial/immunology , Animals , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , CHO Cells , Cricetinae , Hemagglutination Tests , Hemagglutinins/immunology , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Mice , Neutralization Tests , Pertussis Toxin , Pertussis Vaccine/administration & dosage , Rabbits , Vaccination , Vaccines, Acellular/immunology , Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology , Virulence Factors, Bordetella/immunology , Whooping Cough/prevention & controlABSTRACT
The immunogenic and protective properties of acellular pertussis vaccines, prepared on the basis of B. pertussis multicomponent protective complex and the preparation containing only pertussis toxin, were studied. The study revealed that multicomponent preparations containing pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin, agglutinogens, pertactin and adenylate cyclase possessed more pronounced immunobiological and protective properties in comparison with the monovalent preparation of PT, which was indicative of the expediency of developing acellular pertussis vaccines on the basis of the polyvalent protective complex as minor protective antigens seemed to enhance the protective action of pertussis toxoid, the main protective antigen.
Subject(s)
Antigens, Bacterial/immunology , Bordetella pertussis/immunology , Pertussis Vaccine/immunology , Adenylate Cyclase Toxin , Animals , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Antigens, Bacterial/isolation & purification , Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine/immunology , Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine/isolation & purification , Immunization , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Inbred CBA , Pertussis Toxin , Pertussis Vaccine/isolation & purification , Rabbits , Virulence Factors, Bordetella/immunology , Virulence Factors, Bordetella/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
A highly effective technology for obtaining a protective antigenic complex, including the main Bordetella pertussis protective antigens (pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin, agglutinogens, pertactin and adenylate cyclase) and isolated from the supernatant of B. pertussis cultivation medium, has been developed. A new method for the detoxication of antigenic complex which more available to preserve the protective property was suggested. Experimental batches of monovaccine and adsorbed DPT vaccine with the acellular pertussis component, possessing high protective activity and low histamine-sensitizing properties, have been obtained. The stability of protective properties both in liquid and lyophilized acellular pertussis preparations has been noted.
Subject(s)
Antigens, Bacterial/isolation & purification , Bordetella pertussis/immunology , Pertussis Vaccine/isolation & purification , Animals , Antigens, Bacterial/immunology , Bordetella pertussis/pathogenicity , Culture Media , Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine/immunology , Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine/isolation & purification , Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic , Immunization , Immunization, Passive , Mice , Pertussis Vaccine/immunology , Virulence/immunology , Whooping Cough/etiology , Whooping Cough/prevention & controlABSTRACT
The possibility of obtaining native pertussis preparations with high immunobiological activity has been shown. To obtain such preparations, the use of B. pertussis selected strain, its growth under the conditions of static cultivation in a synthetic culture medium and the use of supernatants with the maximum content of protective antigens with the aim of obtaining protective complexes are necessary.
Subject(s)
Antigens, Bacterial/biosynthesis , Bordetella pertussis/immunology , Pertussis Vaccine/biosynthesis , Animals , Antigens, Bacterial/immunology , Antigens, Bacterial/isolation & purification , Bacteriological Techniques , Bordetella pertussis/growth & development , Culture Media , Immunization , Leukocytes/immunology , Mice , Pertussis Vaccine/immunology , Pertussis Vaccine/isolation & purification , Virulence Factors, Bordetella/analysisABSTRACT
Some physicochemical properties of B.pertussis antigenic complexes isolated from synthetic and semisynthetic culture media have been studied. The chemical composition of these complexes has been determined. Proteins, polypeptide subunits and lipopolysaccharide forming these complexes have been characterized. The presence of two main protective substances of B.pertussis has been revealed: fimbrial hemagglutinin and B.pertussis toxin. The influence of culture medium on the level of the synthesis of B.pertussis adenylate cyclase has been studied.
Subject(s)
Antigens, Bacterial/analysis , Bordetella pertussis/immunology , Antigens, Bacterial/chemistry , Antigens, Bacterial/isolation & purification , Bordetella pertussis/growth & development , Chemical Phenomena , Chemistry, Physical , Culture Media , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Molecular Weight , Peptides/analysis , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The preclinical trial of a new cell-free pertussis vaccine has been carried out with a view to its comparison with whole-cell pertussis vaccine in respect of the toxic and protective properties of the preparations under experimental conditions. The whole-cell pertussis vaccine is characterized by pronounced toxic action causing leukocytosis and histamine-sensitization, produces a negative effect on the detoxifying function of the liver and possesses sensitizing activity. The cell-free pertussis vaccine has pronounced protective activity. In animal experiments the supposed immunization dose of this vaccine has proved to be nontoxic.
Subject(s)
Pertussis Vaccine/toxicity , Animals , Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Drug Storage , Immunization , Lethal Dose 50 , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Inbred CBA , Pertussis Vaccine/immunology , Pertussis Vaccine/isolation & purification , Time Factors , Whooping Cough/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Two vaccine preparations obtained from Bordetella pertussis, whole-cell vaccine constituting one of the components of adsorbed DPT vaccine and acellular vaccine, were tested for mutagenicity. The doses of the preparations covered the range 1-100 ED50. Ames' test and the metaphase analysis of marrow cells of C57BL/6J mice were used. The acellular preparation was also tested on thymectomized mice, taking into consideration chromosomal aberrations in marrow metaphases. Whole-cell and acellular pertussis vaccines did not induce mutations in Salmonella typhimurium and chromosomal aberrations in mouse marrow cells.
Subject(s)
Mutagenesis/drug effects , Pertussis Vaccine/toxicity , Animals , Bone Marrow/drug effects , Bone Marrow/ultrastructure , Chromosome Aberrations , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Genes, Bacterial/drug effects , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mutagenicity Tests , Salmonella typhimurium/drug effects , Salmonella typhimurium/genetics , Vaccines, Inactivated/toxicitySubject(s)
Bacterial Adhesion , Bordetella pertussis/pathogenicity , Agglutination , Animals , Bacterial Adhesion/drug effects , Bordetella pertussis/drug effects , Fimbriae, Bacterial/drug effects , Fimbriae, Bacterial/physiology , Humans , Phytohemagglutinins/pharmacology , Virulence/drug effects , Whooping Cough/etiologyABSTRACT
The biological properties of Bordetella pertussis antigenic complex, obtained by a technologically simple method from the medium used for the cultivation of B. pertussis, were studied. The preparation was characterized by pronounced hemagglutinating activity, toxicity, histamine-sensitizing and leukocytosis-stimulating activity and produced a cytopathogenic effect on the culture of Chinese hamster ovary cells. The detoxified preparations showed pronounced protective activity in experiments on the active and passive protection of mice. The ED50 of the preparation was 0.146 microgram of protein. In the proposed human immunization dose containing 10 micrograms of protein the detoxified preparation showed no hemagglutinating, leukocytosis-stimulating or histamine-sensitizing activity and proved to be nontoxic in the weight loss test on mice.
Subject(s)
Pertussis Vaccine/immunology , Animals , Antigens, Bacterial/immunology , Antigens, Bacterial/isolation & purification , Antigens, Bacterial/toxicity , Bordetella pertussis/immunology , Cells, Cultured , Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic , Immunization , Immunization, Passive , Lethal Dose 50 , Mice , Mice, Inbred CBA , Pertussis Vaccine/isolation & purification , Pertussis Vaccine/toxicity , Virulence Factors, Bordetella/toxicityABSTRACT
The possibility of successful use of the analitico-experimental method for the development and improvement of balanced microbiological growth media, economical in composition, has been shown. By this method a new variant of the semisynthetic medium for growing Bordetella pertussis vaccine strain has been obtained, thus making it possible to achieve a considerable increase in the yield of the biomass without decreasing the immunogenicity of the culture. The use of the balanced medium in the production of vaccines may alone give the overall economic effect totalling 11000 roubles per 10000 liters.
Subject(s)
Culture Media/standards , Animals , Bacterial Vaccines/immunology , Bacteriological Techniques/economics , Bordetella pertussis/growth & development , Bordetella pertussis/immunology , Culture Media/analysis , Immunization , Mathematics , MiceABSTRACT
The reactogenic properties of adsorbed DPT vaccine containing Bordetella pertussis cultures, grown by submerged cultivation, as the pertussis component were studied. The study revealed that the vaccine was low-reactogenic: no severe postvaccinal reactions were recorded in immunized children. The frequency and intensity of febrile and local reactions in children immunized with adsorbed DPT vaccine under trial and the commercial preparation commonly used in the USSR were identical, but considerably less pronounced than in children immunized with foreign vaccines having similar composition.
Subject(s)
Bordetella pertussis/immunology , Diphtheria Toxoid/immunology , Pertussis Vaccine/immunology , Tetanus Toxoid/immunology , Adsorption , Body Temperature/drug effects , Clinical Trials as Topic , Diphtheria Toxoid/adverse effects , Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine , Drug Combinations/adverse effects , Drug Combinations/immunology , Humans , Hyperemia/epidemiology , Hyperemia/etiology , Infant , Pertussis Vaccine/adverse effects , Tetanus Toxoid/adverse effects , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The possibility of optimizing the processes of B. pertussis cultivation carried out in liquid semisynthetic culture media with strong-base anion-exchange resins is shown. The use of strong-base ionites enhances the reproducibility of cultivation processes, increases the activity of microbial populations and the concentration of microorganisms. B. pertussis cultures grown in the media with anion-exchange resins are characterized by pronounced biological activity.