ABSTRACT
The binding of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) to its ligand on endothelial cells, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), is a crucial step in the migration of leukocytes during the early stages of inflammation and is also involved in T-cell activation. In this paper, we report the identification of a series of novel antagonists of the LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction using ligand-based virtual screening (VS), analogue design, and structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis. Candidate compounds were evaluated in protein binding and cell adhesion assays. Experimental evaluation of only 25 candidates selected from a pool of approximately 2.5 million database compounds identified an initial hit that could be expanded and converted into a lead that effectively blocked the interaction between LFA-1 and ICAM-1.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemistry , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology , Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism , Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1/metabolism , Computational Biology , Computer Simulation , Drug Design , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Molecular Sequence Data , Protein Binding , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
Two molecules with known growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) agonist activity were used as templates to computationally screen approximately 80000 compounds. A total of 108 candidate compounds were selected, and five of them were found to be active in the low-micromolar range in both cell-based and direct binding assays. These compounds were structurally diverse and significantly differed from known GHS agonists. The most active compound was subjected to SAR evaluation, which slightly increased its potency and identified molecular regions important for specific GHS agonist activity.
