ABSTRACT
Aim/Objective：Baloxavir marboxil (baloxavir) is an anti-influenza drug with a novel mechanism of action. The objective of this study is to compare the frequency of hospitalization and death in outpatients treated by baloxavir with other anti-influenza drugs, neuraminidase inhibitors.Study design：Cohort studyMethod：Using a Japanese acute hospital-based claims database, we identified outpatients with age≥1 years old who had the starting date of influenza medical care (Day 1) during the 2018-2019 influenza season. According to the anti-influenza drug prescribed on Day 1, the patients were divided into baloxavir group and three controls； oseltamivir group, zanamivir group, and laninamivir group. We calculated the proportion of hospitalization which occurred during Day 2 to Day 14 and estimated odds ratio (OR) and 95％ confidence intervals (CIs) by adjusting imbalanced age among drugs. In addition, we calculated the proportion of in-hospital death.Results：The proportion of hospitalization in patients with baloxavir (1.37％ (223/16,309)) was comparable with that in oseltamivir (1.37％ (655/47,843)), and slightly greater than that in zanamivir (0.77％ (19/2,474)) and laninamivir (0.91％ (234/25,831)). Age-adjusted OR (vs baloxavir, as denominator) and 95％ CIs was 1.125［0.961-1.317], 1.173［0.726-1.897］and 0.944［0.783-1.140］for oseltamivir, zanamivir and laninamivir, respectively. In addition, the proportion of death in patients with baloxavir (0.03％, n＝5) was comparable with that in oseltamivir (0.03％, n＝16), laninamivir (0.01％, n＝3), while there were no deaths in zanamivir due to the small number of patients.Conclusion：In an observational study of Japanese acute hospital-based claims database, the frequency of severe events in influenza outpatients was comparable with that in other treatment groups, supporting that baloxavir may help prevent severe influenza as a new treatment option.
ABSTRACT
Aim/Objective：Baloxavir marboxil (baloxavir) is an anti-influenza drug with a novel mechanism of action. The objective of this study is to compare the frequency of hospitalization and death in outpatients treated by baloxavir with other anti-influenza drugs, neuraminidase inhibitors.Study design：Cohort studyMethod：Using a Japanese acute hospital-based claims database, we identified outpatients with age≥1 years old who had the starting date of influenza medical care (Day 1) during the 2018-2019 influenza season. According to the anti-influenza drug prescribed on Day 1, the patients were divided into baloxavir group and three controls； oseltamivir group, zanamivir group, and laninamivir group. We calculated the proportion of hospitalization which occurred during Day 2 to Day 14 and estimated odds ratio (OR) and 95％ confidence intervals (CIs) by adjusting imbalanced age among drugs. In addition, we calculated the proportion of in-hospital death.Results：The proportion of hospitalization in patients with baloxavir (1.37％ (223/16,309)) was comparable with that in oseltamivir (1.37％ (655/47,843)), and slightly greater than that in zanamivir (0.77％ (19/2,474)) and laninamivir (0.91％ (234/25,831)). Age-adjusted OR (vs baloxavir, as denominator) and 95％ CIs was 1.125［0.961-1.317], 1.173［0.726-1.897］and 0.944［0.783-1.140］for oseltamivir, zanamivir and laninamivir, respectively. In addition, the proportion of death in patients with baloxavir (0.03％, n＝5) was comparable with that in oseltamivir (0.03％, n＝16), laninamivir (0.01％, n＝3), while there were no deaths in zanamivir due to the small number of patients.Conclusion：In an observational study of Japanese acute hospital-based claims database, the frequency of severe events in influenza outpatients was comparable with that in other treatment groups, supporting that baloxavir may help prevent severe influenza as a new treatment option.
