ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: There are many different aetiologies for acute lid swelling, including infection, inflammation, degeneration, tumours and trauma. We present five uncommon cases of acute lid swelling and give an overview of differential diagnoses for rapidly evolving eyelid swelling. HISTORY AND SIGNS: We reviewed the charts of five patients with initial presentation of acute lid swelling. For the five patients, there were diagnoses of Churg Strauss syndrome, an allergic reaction to hyaluronic acid, lymphangioma, a ruptured dermoid cyst and a co-infected pre-existing orbital lesion that was only evident in the follow-up. THERAPY AND OUTCOME: Individual patients required totally different treatments. A ruptured dermoid is a dramatic problem that demands immediate surgical attention. Swelling in sinusitis in a child is just as important, but requires antibiotic treatment, careful follow-up and subsequent treatment of any secondarily infected pre-existing lesion. The less dramatic first presentations were more difficult to diagnose and required protracted observation and immunosuppressive treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The key to success often lies in the assessment of the patient's history and correctly timed surgery. Dramatic first manifestations were often easier to treat than initially low grade lid swelling. Unclear results, such as a low grade eosinophilia, should not be ignored.
Subject(s)
Blepharoplasty/methods , Edema/diagnosis , Edema/therapy , Eyelid Diseases/diagnosis , Eyelid Diseases/therapy , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Combined Modality Therapy/methods , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Rare Diseases/diagnosis , Rare Diseases/therapy , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Patients with congenital superior oblique palsy tend to adopt a head tilt to the contralateral side to maintain binocular single vision. It has long been recognised that facial asymmetries may be caused by a head tilt. The aim of this study was to describe the effect of habitual head tilt due to congenital superior oblique palsy on dental occlusion. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study was designed as a descriptive cohort study. Ten patients with congenital superior oblique palsy (3 female, 7 male; mean age 51.7 (y) ± 15.8 SD, ranging from 19 to 69 (y)) underwent orthodontic examination. Orthodontic findings and values for vertical, torsional and horizontal deviation measured with the Harms tangent screen and stereopsis using a random dot test were compared. RESULTS: Three orthodontic parameters were found to correlate significantly or at least as trend with orthoptic parameters. Midline deviation of the upper jaw to the face (rho = 0.623; p = 0.054) and anterior positioning of upper first molar in the sagittal plane (rho = 0.594; p = 0.07) correlate with the vertical deviation; overbite correlates with horizontal deviation measured in the primary position (rho = 0.768; p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: In this small study, three orthodontic parameters correlated with orthoptic findings in patients with congenital superior oblique palsy. Further studies are needed to establish whether congenital superior oblique palsy is more frequent in patients exhibiting abnormal values of these orthodontic parameters.
