ABSTRACT
Fatal accidents in captive elephants occasionally occur because humans are unable to gauge elephants' emotions solely by their behavior. The intellectual capacity of elephants makes them capable of understanding circumstantial changes and associated emotions, allowing them to react accordingly. Physiological markers, such as heart rate variability, may be effective in determining an elephant's emotional state. In this study, a wearable heart rate monitor was used to determine the emotional state of a female Indian captive elephant (Elephas maximus indicus). The average heart rate was higher when the elephant underwent painful treatment than when it underwent non-painful treatment. In addition, the heart rate increased both before and after the treatment, which included radiography and blood collection.
Subject(s)
Elephants/physiology , Emotions/physiology , Heart Rate/physiology , Animals , Blood Specimen Collection/veterinary , Female , Pain/physiopathology , Radiography/veterinary , Stress, Psychological , Wearable Electronic Devices/veterinaryABSTRACT
Asian and African elephants are frequently afflicted by foot disorders that can be very challenging to manage even with aggressive therapy. Such conditions may have indirect life-threatening effects. Mohs' paste (zinc chloride based escharotic agent) was used to treat a female Indian elephant (Elephas maximus indicus) aged 39 years with foot disorder at Kanazawa Zoological Gardens. Degenerated hyperplastic tissue was observed inside the hoofs of digits 2 and 5. Mohs' paste was applied on the lesions, which coagulated the hyperplastic tissue and restrained its proliferation. Subsequently, the hyperplastic tissue could be trimmed with little pain, and the disorder became manageable. Mohs' paste treatment was effective and is expected to be an alternative treatment for hoof disorder.
