Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of Two Platelet Concentrates (a-PRF and L-PRF) on the Cellular Activity of Pre-osteoblastic MG-63 Cell Line: An in vitro Study.

Statement of the Problem: Currently, the reconstruction of bone defects with new platelet concentrates is considered a significant challenge in periodontics. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate advanced- platelet rich fibrin (A-PRF) and leukocyte- and platelet rich fibrin's (L-PRF) effects on the proliferation and differentiation of MG-63 cells. Materials and Method: In this in vitro study, blood samples of five healthy non-smoking volunteers were collected and immediately centrifuged according to the two protocols of Choukroun and Ghanaati, without adding any anticoagulants, to prepare L-PRF and A-PRF. After freezing the clots for one hour, they were crushed and centrifuged once more. After culturing MG-63 cells, the effects of 20%, 10%, 1%, and 0.5% concentrations of A-PRF and L-PRF extracts on cell proliferation and mineralization were evaluated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and Alizarin Red staining, respectively. Results: Generally, survival and proliferation in the L-PRF group at both time intervals were higher than the A-PRF group and increased with increasing the extract concentration. However, in the A-PRF group, there were no significant differences between the different concentrations, and only the number of cells increased over time. After three days, in the study on mineralization, nodule formation was observed only in the positive control group (osteogenic). In seven days, mineralized nodules were formed in all groups with different concentrations of A-PRF, but not in any of the L-PRF groups. Conclusion: According to the results, L-PRF increased proliferation, and A-PRF exerted a positive effect on the differentiation of MG-63 cells.

Comparing Montanide ISA 720 and 50-V2 adjuvants formulated with LmSTI1 protein of Leishmania major indicated the potential cytokine patterns for induction of protective immune responses in BALB/c mice.

Adjuvants have a key role in subunit vaccine formulations to generate protective immune responses. Herein, we present results of a comparative study on mice immunized with E. coli-derived rLmSTI1 antigen formulated with Montanide ISA 720 (Ag-M720) and ISA 50-V2 (Ag-M50) adjuvants against Leishmania major (L. major). Groups of BALB/c mice were immunized with either Ag-M720 or Ag-M50 by 3 subcutaneous injections with 3-week intervals. Three weeks after the last injection mice were challenged by L. major promastigotes. Immune responses were evaluated before, 3 weeks, and 8 weeks after challenge. Results indicated lower parasite and lesion size in vaccinated mice (the lowest for Ag-M720 indicating the best protection) which correlated with higher IFN-γ induction in immunized groups (Ag-M720 and Ag-M50) compared to control (PBS/adjuvant alone) group. Immune assays showed comparable IFN-γ, total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a levels for Ag-M720 and Ag-M50 immunized mice but higher induction of IL-4, IL-10 and IL-17 in Ag-M50 and the highest IL-10/IL-17 ratio in Ag-M720 group followed by Ag-M50 and control groups. Altogether, results indicated that lower induction of IL-4, IL-10 and IL-17 cytokines (and/or higher ratio of IL-10/IL-17) despite comparable IFN-γ might be the reason for the superior protection in Ag-M720 group.