Horseshoe Kidney Complicated by Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis in a Young Girl: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

The cases of horseshoe kidney presented by xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis are very rare. In this study, the case of XGP developing in HSK in a young female patient was presented due to its rare incidence and the previously reported cases were reviewed, as well. The patient, who has end-stage renal disease and was under treatment, admitted to the clinic for preemptive kidney transplantation. Bilateral open en bloc nephrectomy was performed before the kidney transplantation. The histopathological examination of the specimen was reported as XGP. Eight months later, living-donor organ transplantation was performed to the patient with the kidney obtained from her father. XGP can present as a complication of HSK. Moreover, HSK may rarely be manifested by end-stage renal disease in young patients. In such cases, who would undergo kidney transplantation, it is important to examine the HSK in detail and perform bilateral nephrectomy to prevent complications after transplantation.

Clinical manifestations and results of cystoscopy in women with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) refers to diseases that are challenging to identify, diagnose and treat. Thus, there is a need to study the clinical and cystoscopic picture of IC/BPS. The present research aims to study the clinical manifestations and results of cystoscopy with hydrodistension in women with IC/BPS. METHODS: One hundred twenty-six women with clinically diagnosed IC/BPS were examined - their mean age was 46.7±14.0 years. Patients were surveyed on pelvic pain and urgency/frequency patient symptom score (PUF), visual analogue scale (VAS) and urgency severity scale (USS). All patients underwent a potassium test (PST) and cystoscopy with hydrodistension. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 15.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). RESULTS: The average PUF score was 8.14±1.76 points, VAS - 5.45±0.93 points and USS - 2.63±0.91 points. A positive potassium test was detected in 91.3% of cases. The maximum average anatomical capacity of the bladder was 308.0±77.5 ml. The maximal cystometric capacity in women with mild pain was higher than among women with moderate and severe pain by 30.9% (p<0.05) and 53.0% (p<0.01), respectively. In most cases, mucosal changes were diffuse (n=57) or located in two parts of the bladder. One of the most common symptoms was the diffuse bleeding of the bladder mucosa (III degree). A statistically significant inverse correlation (r=-0.57, p<0.01) was found between the maximal cystometric bladder volume and the severity of the bladder mucosa changes. At the same time, a positive correlation was found between the severity of the bladder mucosa changes and the sum of points on the PUF questionnaire (r=+0.61, p=0.0003), the sum of points on the VAS questionnaire (r=+0.59, p=0.0008) and the USS questionnaire (r=+0.66, p=0.005). CONCLUSION: A relationship has been established between the clinical manifestations of IC/BPS among examined women and changes in the wall of the bladder. The data obtained from our investigation can help increase IC/BPS diagnostics and improve IC/BPS treatment results.