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1.
J Clin Microbiol ; 51(3): 814-9, 2013 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23269731

ABSTRACT

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a common cause of skin infections and invasive infections in community dwellers in the United States since the late 1990s. Isolates characterized as USA300 by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) are the predominant strain type in these infections. USA100 and USA500 strains commonly cause health care-associated infections. We compared PFGE with a number of other methods of genotyping in a sample of 149 clinical MRSA isolates from the University of Chicago Medical Center. The 5 USA500 isolates yielded 3 spa types and 2 multilocus sequence types (MLSTs). Among the 24 USA100 isolates, 21 (88%) were of spa type t002, 19 (79%) were of ST5, 2 carried arcA and opp3, and 1 was Panton-Valentine leukocidin positive (PVL(+)). Among the 102 USA300 isolates, 96 (94%) were of ST8 and 94 (92%) were of spa type t008. The combination of traits that provided the best sensitivity (98%), specificity (97%), positive predictive value (PPV) (99%), and negative predictive value (NPV) (95%) for identifying USA300 isolates were the presence of the arcA gene and the presence of the PVL genes (area under the curve, 0.980; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.955 to 1.0). PFGE did not delineate a homogeneous group of MRSA genetic backgrounds, as documented for other typing methods, particularly for USA500 and USA100 pulsotypes. Documenting the presence of arcA and PVL genes by PCR was an efficient and accurate means of identifying USA300 in a collection of MRSA isolates in which USA300 is common. None of the tested genotyping methods provided an accurate means of identifying the next most common PFGE-based backgrounds, USA100 and USA500.


Subject(s)
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/classification , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/genetics , Molecular Typing/methods , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Virulence Factors/genetics , Academic Medical Centers , Chicago , Genotype , Humans , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Molecular Epidemiology/methods , Predictive Value of Tests , Sensitivity and Specificity
2.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 18(2): 279-82, 2012 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22305114

ABSTRACT

We investigated an outbreak of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli at a high school in Minnesota, USA, in November 2010. Consuming undercooked venison and not washing hands after handling raw venison were associated with illness. E. coli O103:H2 and non-Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O145:NM were isolated from ill students and venison.


Subject(s)
Disease Outbreaks , Escherichia coli Infections/epidemiology , Foodborne Diseases/epidemiology , Meat/poisoning , Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli/classification , Adolescent , Animals , Case-Control Studies , Deer , Diarrhea/microbiology , Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology , Female , Foodborne Diseases/microbiology , Humans , Male , Meat/microbiology , Minnesota/epidemiology , Serotyping , Shiga Toxin/genetics , Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli/genetics
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