[The influence of antioxidants on morphological structure of internal organs of rats in acute hypoxia].

The results of pathomorphological research of internal organs of rats in hypoxical hypoxia and in the action of the antioxidant dihydroguersitine in acute hypoxia. Lt shows that DHQ causes favourable morphological changes in internal organs in acute hypoxia.

[Proteins and RNA in the neuron-neuroglia system of the nucleus raphe dorsalis of the suslik brain during hibernation]. / Belki i RNK v sisteme neiron-neirogliia N. raphe dorsalis golovnogo mozga suslika v dinamike zimnei spiachki.

The concentration and the content per cell of total proteins were found to be considerably decreased during deep hibernation (in December) in the ground squirrel (Citellus pygmaeus Pall.) brain n. raphé dorsalis neurons, whereas in glial cells--satellites with the same concentration, the protein content reduction was lesser than in the neurons. Preceding the awakening (in March), the protein content in neuron cytoplasma increased, the protein concentration remaining equal to control, whereas the values related to gliocytes did not vary in March from those in December. In March, a considerable RNA content increase occurred in the neuron cytoplasma, its concentration remaining the same, whereas the RNA values in gliocytes approximated the control values (those of the animals in wakefulness).

[Role of SH-groups in the pharmacology of the action of novurite and ethacrynic acid]. / Rol' SH-grupp v realizatsii éffektov novurita i ítakrinovoi kisloty.

In experiments in vivo the mercuric diuretic, novurite, and ethacrynic acid in therapeutic doses (25 and 50 mg/kg, respectively) do not block the respiration and active transport of calcium in the kidney mitochondria. The diuretic effect of these substances is not prevented by cystein (50 mg/kg), the donator of sulphydryl groups. In vitro novurite (3 mM) and ethacrynic acid (1 mM) block the systems of ionic transport inthe kidney epithelium cells and in concentrations of 0.2 and 0.5 mM, respectively, disturb the oxygen uptake and oxidative phosphorylation in the kidney mitochondria. A preliminary administration of cystein (5 mM) into the incubation medium prevents these effects. Novurite and ethacrynic acid manifest the typical thyol toxins of general cell effect in doses considerably exceeding the therapeutic ones. A specific "kidneys" effect of these substances is not connected with their ability to block SH-group of biologically active substances.

[Effect of gentamycin on the kidney functional state in experimental pyelonephritis]. / Vliianie gentamitsina na funktsional'noe sostoianie pochek pri éksperimental'nom pielonefrite.

The experiments with rats treated with gentamicin showed that nitrogen excretion function of the kidneys did not significantly change in the animals 3 months after induction of pyelonephritis, while in the animals not treated with the antibiotic there was a significant increase in excretion of alkaline phosphatase with urine. The nitrogen excretion function of the kidneys was not affected by gentamicin, except an increase in the urea blood level. Gentamicin promoted a significant rise in excretion of enzymes with urine, especially that of alkaline phosphatase. Treatment of healthy animals with gentamicin resulted in the increased excretion of alkaline phosphatase with urine and increased urea blood levels which was evident of the nephrotoxic effect of the aminoglycoside antibiotic. When such animals were treated with furosemide, the renal excretion of the enzyme and the blood creatinine urea levels decreased. Therefore, furosemide lowered nephropathy induced by gentamicin. The increase in the activity of the urine enzymes may be due to inflammatory changes in the kidney parenchymal on the one hand and the pephrotoxic effect of the drugs on the other hand. The urine enzymes may be used as important diagnostic tests in cases with kidney affections and indicators of safe treatment with nephrotoxic antibiotics.

[Use of gentamycin and furosemide in acute pyelonephritis (an experimental morphological study)]. / Primenenie gentamitsina i furosemida pro ostroi pielonefrite (éksperimental'no-morfologicheskoe issledovanie).

The favourable effect of gentamicin and its combination with furosemid was shown in treatment of rats with experimental pyelonephritis. However, alongside the favourable effect, a danger of the gentamicin nephrotoxic effect, especially in combination with furosemid was noted. The nephrotoxic effect was evident from foci of distrophic and necrobiotic changes in the epithelium of the convoluted tubules, impairment of the cortical hemodynamics and development of the cortical hypoxia of the kidneys resulting in severe renal insufficiency. Gentamicin had no direct inhibitory effect on the tissue respiration, did not block the oxygen uptake and oxidative phosphorilation in isolated mitochondria. To prevent the development of the nephrotoxic effect of gentamicin and its combination with furosemid strict and effective control of the antibiotic plasma levels is necessary. Informative tests for the control of the renal function are the concentration parameters of creatinine and urea, especially at the beginning of the pathological state when the level of hyperazotemia is still of a low informative value. The diurnal urine excretion is not an important informative index of renal function.