ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The successful conduct of fiberoptic aided intubation is dependent upon effective local anaesthesia. The aim of the study was to compare three different methods of anaesthetizing the airway. METHODS: 60 adult patients (American Society of Anaesthesiologists status I-III and Mallampati class III & IV), scheduled for elective surgery, received sedation followed by spraying of the nares and posterior pharyngeal wall with 4% lignocaine. Thereafter the patients received 4 ml of 4% lignocaine either by transtracheal injection (n=20, group A), via intubating fiberscope (Pentax F1-10P2) using 'spray as you go' technique (n=20, group B) or by nebulizer (Devilbiss 5610W) 20 min before intubation, (n=20, group C). Patients were asked to score the procedure using visual analog scale (VAS) and severity scores. Episodes of coughing, choking, stridor, extra / total local anaesthetic used and intubation times were recorded. Patients were monitored continuously for vital parameters. RESULTS: Group B patients showed better VAS scores with shorter intubation times and had a lower incidence of coughing and choking. The endoscopists' VAS scores also showed a preference for group B. CONCLUSION: In conclusion the 'spray as you go' technique was safe, provided effective local anaesthesia and was preferred by both patients and endoscopists.
ABSTRACT
Adult male Swiss albino mice when exposed to a chlorinated insecticide hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH or BHC) at 100 mg/mouse/ once oral and i.p. both for acute exposures and 500 ppm and 10 ppm in food for 100 and 400 days respectively for intermediate and chronic exposures. Haematological observations revealed HCH-induced anaemia.
