ABSTRACT
The effects of anti-orthostatic hypokinesia on the parameters of vertical posture (orthostatic and postural stability) were studied. Anti-orthostatic hypokinesia was followed by orthostatic instability manifested in a decrease in the tolerance time in the orthostatic test, a significant increase in HR and systolic BP starting from the 11th minute of the test. Significant changes in the parameters reflecting postural stability were observed starting from minutes 10-11 of the stabilometric test. Anti-orthostatic hypokinesia was shown to affect all parameters of postural stability; symmetry in paired stabilometric tests was impairmed.
Subject(s)
Dizziness/prevention & control , Hypokinesia/physiopathology , Posture/physiology , Adult , Dizziness/complications , Exercise Test/methods , Humans , Hypokinesia/etiology , Male , Postural Balance/physiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
A novel method of ground simulation in humans of physiological effects induced by the stay on the surface of celestial bodies with hypogravity was developed and successfully tested. This method is based on the change of gravity force angle, which decreases the gravitational component of the blood hydrostatic pressure characteristic of human vertical posture on the Earth and the load-weight onto the locomotor apparatus to the lower values expected at celestial bodies with hypogravity. The methodological requirements for ground simulation of the physiological effects of lunar gravity on human body are specified and substantiated by theoretical calculations. The experimental study revealed redistribution of liquid media in the human organism, functional changes in the cardiorespiratory system, and a decrease in the load-weight applied to the locomotor apparatus.
Subject(s)
Hypogravity , Humans , Hypokinesia/physiopathology , WeightlessnessABSTRACT
The paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of the biomechanical characteristics human's walking before and after a stay in a long-term head-down bed rest at a -6 degrees angle simulating a microgravity (the HDBR-group) and in head-up bed rest (HUBR) at a +9.6 degrees angle as a analogue of lunar gravity (the HUBR-group). The biomechanical characteristics of the walking on a treadmill pace of 60 steps/minute before and after bed rest were analyzed. We investigated also the electromyographic characteristics of leg muscles and recorded the angles in the following joints: hip joint, knee joint and ankle joint. The most pronounced effect on the parameters of the humans walking was found in the HDBR-group. It was manifested in the changes of angles in the leg joints at various phases of a step change and in an electromyographic activity of muscles. Similar, but less pronounced changes of walking biomechanical characteristics were found after bed rest in the HUBR-group.
Subject(s)
Hindlimb Suspension , Leg/physiopathology , Walking , Weightlessness/adverse effects , Adolescent , Adult , Biomechanical Phenomena , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
The article covers scientific basis and elaboration of system concerning self-evaluation of athletes' health state. The study comprised 2 steps. During the first step, a group of 62 athletes (45 males and 17 females) performed methods of self-evaluation of health state through a list of changes, tests and stress testing. The second step included processing and generalization of the data obtained and specification of an integral scale of self-evaluation of athletes health state.
Subject(s)
Athletes , Athletic Performance , Diagnostic Self Evaluation , Forms and Records Control , Athletic Performance/physiology , Athletic Performance/psychology , Athletic Performance/standards , Exercise Test/methods , Female , Forms and Records Control/methods , Forms and Records Control/standards , Health Records, Personal , Health Status Disparities , Humans , Male , Self Report , Self-Assessment , Sex Factors , Sports Medicine/methods , Sports Medicine/standards , Young AdultABSTRACT
Biomechanical and electromyographic characteristics of locomotion were investigated before and after space flight on the 3rd, 7th and 10th day after landing in 18 cosmonauts--crewmembers of long-term ISS space flights. It was shown that microgravity causes the development of significant changes in biomechanical and electromyographic characteristics of walking. Decrease of the angular displacement amplitude in leg joints, reduction of the length of the double step, increase of the electromyographic cost of locomotion were recorded after flight. It was also shown that interval locomotor physical training in long-term space flights in the regimen of alternation running and walking prevents physiological cost of locomotor movements increase after space flight and provides more effective maintenance of the neuromuscular system functions after flight. After flight smaller changes of biomechanical and electromyographic characteristics of walking were observed in cosmonauts who used locomotor training in interval regimen.
Subject(s)
Astronauts , Motor Activity/physiology , Space Flight , Walking/physiology , Adaptation, Physiological , Adult , Exercise/physiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Running/physiology , WeightlessnessABSTRACT
Kinematics and electromyographics of the normal walking pattern were studied in 6 volunteer (22-25 y.o.) before and after immersion. It was shown that 6-d support deprivation results in reduction of angular velocities in the knee and ankle joints and minor change in the amplitude of angular motions of the joints. However, the kinematic stereotype of locomotor motions was not changed considerably following 6-days in immersion. Increase of the electromyographic cost of shin locomotion points to shifts in the central and peripheral systems of the motor apparatus.
