Mean Atd Angle among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Visiting a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: An atd angle is one of the dermatoglyphic patterns which is an indication of the degree of distal displacement of the axial triradius on the palm. This is one of the markers of diabetes mellitus that is used as a screening tool in order to reduce the risk of onset and initiate early treatment. The aim of this study is to find the mean atd angle among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients visiting a tertiary care centre. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done among diabetic patients in a tertiary centre from 9 June 2021 to 5 May 2022. Ethical approval was taken from Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: KUSMS/IRC 40/2021). Both palm prints of study subjects were taken and the atd angle was measured. Convenience sampling was done. Point estimate and 95% confidence interval were calculated. Results: Among 133 palm prints of diabetic patients, the mean atd angle was 42.13±4.73° (male: 41.90±4.75° and female: 42.35±4.70°). The right palms showed mean atd angle of 42.31±4.42° and that of left palms was 41.94±5.04°. Conclusions: The mean atd angle among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients is similar to other studies done in similar settings. Keywords: dermatoglyphic; diabetes mellitus; prevalence.

Atypical Pattern of the Intrahepatic Biliary Duct on Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: The liver possesses different patterns of intrahepatic duct confluences. Even though the typical pattern of the intrahepatic biliary duct is common, atypical variations are also frequently witnessed. The knowledge of the atypical intrahepatic biliary confluences is inevitable during hepato-biliary surgery to reduce post-operative complications. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of the atypical pattern of intrahepatic biliary duct pattern on magnetic resonanace cholangiopancreatography in a tertiary care centre. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done in a tertiary care centre after receiveing ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee [Reference number: KUSMS/IRC (248/2021)]. The branching patterns of the atypical intrahepatic biliary pattern were observed in Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography images and were classified. Convenience sampling was used. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results: Among 199 magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography images, the atypical intrahepatic biliary duct was observed in 48 (24.12%) (18.18-30.06, 95% Confidence Interval) of the images. Conclusions: The prevalence of the atypical intrahepatic biliary duct pattern is lower as compared to other studies done in similar settings. Keywords: bile ducts; liver; magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography.