Screening of nanoemulsion components for asenapine maleate using validated RP-HPLC method.

A novel, simple reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) analytical method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of asenapine from various nanoemulsion components during pre-formulation screening. The developed method was validated according to ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines. The developed and validated method was precisely and accurately quantified asenapine in various oils, surfactants and co-surfactants. The separation of asenapine was carried out on Hypersil BDS C18, 250×4.6mm, 5µm particle size column using methanol: acetonitrile (90:10) as mobile phase with a flow rate of 1mL.min-1. Measurement at 270nm for the concentration range of 5 to 50µg.mL-1 of the analyte was found to be linear with the determination coefficient (r2) of 0.999 as calculated by the least square regression method. The validated method was sensitive with LOD of 10.0ng.mL-1 and LOQ of 30.0ng.mL-1. Further, the method was precise and accurate, where the intraday and interday precision values were ranged from 0.70-0.95 and 0.36-0.95, respectively with the corresponding accuracy were ranged from 98.80-100.63 and 98.36-100.63. This developed and validated RP-HPLC method for asenapine was applied in the quantitative determination and screening of various oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants during the development of the asenapine maleate nanoemulsion.

In Vitro Antilithiatic Potential of Kalanchoe pinnata, Emblica officinalis, Bambusa nutans, and Cynodon dactylon.

OBJECTIVE: The study aims at the exploration of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal growth inhibition potential of Cynodon dactylon, Emblica officinalis, Kalanchoe pinnata, and Bambusa nutans ethyl acetate fraction rich in polyphenol and flavonoid. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ethyl acetate fraction was separated from the hydromethanolic extract of C. dactylon, E. officinalis, K. pinnata, and B. nutans followed by quantitative analysis for total polyphenol and flavonoid content. Ethyl acetate fraction of all the plants were subjected to in vitro screening for the inhibition of CaO x crystals growth induced by sodium oxalate. RESULTS: The results signify rich presence of polyphenols and flavonoids in K. pinnata and E. officinalis ethyl acetate fractions followed by C. dactylon and B. nutans. Ethyl acetate fractions of B. nutans shoot, E. officinalis fruit, and K. pinnata leaf have excellent in vitro CaO x crystal growth inhibition potential based on both the comparative concentration and the time level to achieve IC50. CONCLUSION: The study outcome substantiates potential in vitro CaO x crystal dissolution and crystal growth inhibition properties of E. officinalis, B. nutans, C. dactylon, and K. pinnata. Rich presence of caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and luteolin in ethyl acetate fraction of B. nutans leaf, and chebulinic acid, chebulagic acid, gallic acid, ellagic acid, and quercetin of E. officinalis may have produced prominent crystal aggregation inhibition response.

An unusual source of Burkholderia cepacia outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit.

During a two-month period, seven preterm infants in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were found to have sepsis with Burkholderia cepacia demonstrated by blood culture. A complete environmental investigation was conducted to identify the source of infection. Caffeine citrate was found to be the source of this organism. The offending drug was immediately withdrawn from the NICU and the hospital pharmacy, and local authorities were informed. All seven babies were discharged with no infection-related morbidities.

X-ray absorption fine structure study of multinuclear copper(I) thiourea mixed ligand complexes.

X-ray absorption fine structure spectra of five copper(I) thiourea complexes [Cu4(thu)6 (NO3)4 (H2O)4] (1), [Cu4(thu)9 (NO3)4 (H2O)4] (2), [Cu2(thu)6 (SO4) H2O] (3), [Cu2(thu)5 (SO4) (H2O)3] (4), and [Cu(thu)Cl 0.5H2O] (5) have been investigated. Complexes 1 and 3 are supposed to have one type of copper centers in trigonal planar and tetrahedral environment, respectively. Complexes 2 and 4 are supposed to have two types of copper centers, one center having trigonal planar geometry and another center having tetrahedral geometry. The aim of the present work is to show how extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra of these complexes, having different types of coordination environment, can be analyzed to yield the coordination geometry around one type of copper centers present in complexes 1 and 3, and two types of copper centers present in complexes 2 and 4. The crystal structure of complex 5 is unavailable due to inability of growing its single crystals, and hence the coordination geometry of this complex has been determined from EXAFS. The structural parameters determined from the EXAFS spectra have been reported and the coordination geometry has been depicted for the metal centers present in all the five complexes. Also, the chemical shifts have been used to determine the oxidation state of copper in these complexes. The X-ray absorption near edge spectra features have also been correlated with the coordination geometry. Also, the presence of both three and four coordinated Cu(I) centers in complexes 2 and 4 has been suggested from a comparison of the intensity of the feature at 8984 eV with those of 1 and 3. Further, in case of complex 5, the high intensity of peak A at 8986.5 eV is found to correspond to the presence of Cl coordinated to the copper center.

Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method for Estimation of Miglitol in Bulk and Tablets.

A selective and sensitive, stability-indicating reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography method has been first developed and validated for the estimation of miglitol in bulk and tablet dosages form. Samples were separated on a prepacked, Inertsil amino C(18) column (150×4.6 mm i.d.) using a mobile phase comprised of acetonitrile and monobasic sodium phosphate pH 7.5 (80:20, v/v) delivered at 1.5 ml/min flow rate. Detection was performed on a SPD-20A prominence UV/Vis detector at 220 nm. The retention time for miglitol was 13.93±0.0367. The method was validated in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy, ruggedness, and specificity, limit of detection and limit of quantification. The linearity (r(2)) and percentage recoveries of miglitol were 0.9986 and 99.85%. This method is suitable for routine estimation of miglitol in bulk and tablet dosages form.

Primary hydatidosis of female genital tract: a case report.

Hydatid cysts are known to occur in most organs especially in the endemic areas. The diagnosis of primary hydatid cyst in female genital tract is rare and difficult. A high degree of clinical suspicion should be there for doing pre-operative investigations to exclude hydatid cyst of female pelvis. The patient presented with a lump in lower part of abdomen, which enlarged gradually over last 2 years. A provisional diagnosis of malignant ovarian cyst was made pre-operatively. Total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was done and whole of the specimen was sent for histopathological examination. On macroscopic examination, one cystic mass was present on the right side of uterus adherent to its anterior wall and second one was in the Douglas' pouch adherent to left adenexa and surrounding structures. The patient responded well to the surgical treatment followed by albendazole administration.

X-ray absorption near edge studies of some binuclear copper(II) complexes.

X-ray K-absorption near edge studies have been carried out on the binuclear copper (II) dithiocarbamate (dtc) complexes having the following general structure: [structure in text] where R = me (methyl); et (ethyl); npr (normal propyl); chx (cyclohexane) It has been found that the chemical shift values are higher in the chlorine adducts as compared to the values of chemical shift reported by us in an earlier work for the parent complexes, showing that the chlorine adducts are more ionic. The observed splitting of the principal absorption maximum (1s-4p) in the chlorine adducts has been explained in terms of the splitting of the metal 4p orbital degeneracy.

Adenocarcinoma of the urachus.

During the past 5 years, three patients with adenocarcinoma of the urachus were treated at our hospital. Abdominal ultrasonography helped clinch the diagnosis in all cases. All patients underwent surgical excision of the neoplasm with partial cystectomy. The clinical, radiological, and histological findings, as well as the pathogenesis of this rare neoplasm are discussed along with the surgical management.

Primary reconstruction to avoid wound breakdown following groin block dissection.

We report our experience of immediate reconstruction of the groin using the deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEA) myocutaneous flap following 32 consecutive ilioinguinal block dissections for groin metastases in patients with penile carcinoma. All groin wounds healed primarily, resulting in a short postoperative hospital stay. Transferring one or both DIEA flaps did not lead to any significant functional disability.

Inguinal pick in invasive penile carcinoma: can it stage node negative patients?

In node negative patients of invasive penile carcinoma, prophylactic lymphadenectomy is associated with considerable morbidity, while a "wait and watch" policy is associated with up to 20% cancer related mortality in many series. In between, selective node biopsies, including sentinel node biopsies, have been suggested to stage these patients. However, these procedures are unreliable and associated with high false negative rates. The inguinal pick procedure was devised by us to stage these patients more accurately. It is more elaborate that the previously described selective biopsies and includes biopsy of all identifiable nodes in the inguinal region, including the sentinel node area. In our experience of the procedure in 52 patients with invasive penile carcinoma, it was positive in 5 patients (9.6%). However, 7 of the 47 patients with negative result developed inguinal recurrences and 3 other patients developed distant metastases on follow up. The 5-year disease free survival of inguinal pick positive and negative patients was 100% and 82.9%, respectively. The sensitivity of the procedure in detecting regional spread in these patients was only 72%. Thus, the inguinal pick, though associated with no morbidity, can be meaningful only if it is positive and a negative result does not guarantee absence of regional metastases in node negative patients of invasive penile carcinoma.