Subject(s)
Toxicology/methods , Xenobiotics , Animals , Lethal Dose 50 , Limulus Test , Models, Theoretical , Xenobiotics/toxicitySubject(s)
Acetates/toxicity , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity , Water Supply/standards , Animals , Female , Lethal Dose 50 , Male , RatsABSTRACT
On the basis of experimental studies it was established, that the threshold concentration of 3-phenoxybenzyl chloride (PBC) according to the influence on organoleptic water properties (odour) is 0.03 mg/l, on the sanitary regimen of water reservoirs (BOD inhibition)--0.3 mg/l. The chemical produces low toxicity when administered parenterally, it is highly toxic when administered subcutaneously; cumulation degree is medium. PBC produces a weak allergic effect, an expressed embryotoxic effect; mutagenic activity was not detected. The maximal no-effect dose according to the embryotoxic effect is 0.12 mg/kg (2.4 mg/l), the calculated maximal no-effect concentration is 0.11-0.34 mg/l when administered subcutaneously. The recommended MAC is 0.03 mg/l according to the organoleptic index of harmfulness (odour) with a note 'dangerous when administered through skin' (the third class of danger).
Subject(s)
Benzyl Compounds , Water Supply/standards , Animals , Benzyl Compounds/therapeutic use , Embryo, Mammalian/drug effects , Female , Lethal Dose 50 , Male , Maximum Allowable Concentration , Mutagenicity Tests , Odorants , Pregnancy , Rats , Water Supply/analysisABSTRACT
The paper outlines a methodological approach to measurement of sale levels of acute and chronic chemical exposure in the toxicological experiment by using the well-known and proposed techniques of mathematical simulation of time-effect, dose-effect, and time-dose relationships and after-transition to the models of dose-status relationships while making an integral diagnostic evaluation of the body status. It is shown that it is possible to construct the diagnostic scales that differentiate the conditions of physiological normal status, good and bad adaptation, mild, moderate, and severe intoxication. By using organophosphorus pesticides, such as ciodrin and aphos, and lead nitrate as an example, the author considers if the models can be used in the sanitary standardization of xenobiotics.
Subject(s)
Insecticides/toxicity , Lead/toxicity , Models, Biological , Nitrates/toxicity , Organophosphorus Compounds , Toxicology/standards , Animals , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Insecticides/administration & dosage , Insecticides/standards , Lead/administration & dosage , Lead/standards , Maximum Allowable Concentration , Nitrates/administration & dosage , Nitrates/standards , Rats , Time Factors , Toxicology/methodsABSTRACT
It is shown that the partial regression technique is indifferent to the potential discrimination of different types of combined action, which depend on the ratio of the components and the components' and mixtures' cumulative properties. For the purposes of hygienic analysis and assessment, it would be more appropriate to use the common technique based on reciprocal transitions between mixtures of variable and constant compositions.
Subject(s)
Air Pollutants, Occupational/toxicity , Chemical Industry , Models, Biological , Models, Statistical , Xenobiotics/toxicity , Animals , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Combinations , Humans , Methods , Rats , Regression Analysis , Xenobiotics/administration & dosageABSTRACT
The article deals with the application of the summation toxicity formula in connexion with the subdivision of substances into isoadditive and non-isoadditive. Experimental data are proposed which confirm the possibility of the formula's application in case with isoadditiveness (as in binary mixtures of avos and cyodrine, chlorovos and lindane). The summation toxicity formula is proposed to be applied to the 1st and 2nd classes of hazardness for establishing working zone air standards.
