Genetically supported causality between gut microbiota, immune cells, and ischemic stroke: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Previous studies have highlighted a robust correlation between gut microbiota/immune cells and ischemic stroke (IS). However, the precise nature of their causal relationship remains uncertain. To address this gap, our study aims to meticulously investigate the causal association between gut microbiota/immune cells and the likelihood of developing IS, employing a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods: Our comprehensive analysis utilized summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on gut microbiota, immune cells, and IS. The primary MR method employed was the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) approach. To address potential pleiotropy and identify outlier genetic variants, we incorporated the Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) technique, along with MR-Egger regression. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q-test. Additionally, leave-one-out analysis was conducted to pinpoint any individual genetic variant influencing the observed causal associations. Finally, a reverse MR analysis was performed to explore the potential of reverse causation. Results: Our investigation revealed four gut microbial taxa and 16 immune cells with a significant causal relationship with IS (p < 0.05). Notably, two bacterial features and five immunophenotypes were strongly associated with a lower IS risk: genus.Barnesiella.id.944 (OR: 0.907, 95% CI: 0.836-0.983, p = 0.018), genus.LachnospiraceaeNK4A136group.id.11319 (OR: 0.918, 95% CI: 0.853-0.983, p = 0.988), Activated & resting Treg % CD4++ (OR: 0.977, 95% CI: 0.956-0.998, p = 0.028). Additionally, significant associations between IS risk and two bacterial features along with eleven immunophenotypes were observed: genus.Paraprevotella.id.962 (OR: 1.106, 95% CI: 1.043-1.172, p < 0.001), genus.Streptococcus.id.1853 (OR: 1.119, 95% CI: 1.034-1.210, p = 0.005), CD127 on granulocyte (OR: 1.039, 95% CI: 1.009-1.070, p = 0.011). Our analyses did not reveal heterogeneity based on the Cochrane's Q-test (p > 0.05) nor indicate instances of horizontal pleiotropy according to MR-Egger and MR-PRESSO analyses (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the robustness of our MR results was confirmed through leave-one-out analysis. Conclusion: Our study provides further evidence supporting the potential association between gut microbiota and immune cells in relation to IS, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms that may contribute to this condition. These findings lay a solid foundation for future investigations into targeted prevention strategies.

Inhibitory effect of berberine on morphine tolerance and hyperalgesia in mice.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of berberine on morphine analgesia, tolerance, and hyperalgesia. METHODS: Morphine-induced acute tolerance model: mice received intraperitoneal berberine at doses of 2.5, 5.0, and 10 mg/kg; 30 min later, subcutaneous morphine 10 mg/kg was injected every hour for nine continuous h. Morphine 10 mg/kg alone was administered at 24 and 48 h. Morphine-induced chronic tolerance model: mice received intraperitoneal berberine 2.5, 5.0, and 10 mg/kg; 30 min later, 10 mg/kg morphine was injected subcutaneously for eight consecutive days. On the ninth day, morphine 10 mg/kg was given alone. Morphine-induced established tolerance model: mice were injected subcutaneously with morphine 10 mg/kg once a day for eight consecutive days. Berberine 2.5 mg/kg was administered on day one, four, and seven and morphine 10 mg/kg alone on day nine. The baseline latency (T0) and post-treatment latency (T1) were determined by the hot plate test, and the maximum possible analgesic effect (MPAE) was calculated. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and nitric oxide (NO) content in the spinal cord were measured by spectrophotometer. Verification of berberine analgesic effect by blocking N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor: HT-22 and HEK-293 cells transfected with NMDA plasmid were randomly divided into five groups: control group, NMDA group, berberine low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose groups (5, 10, 20 µmol/L, respectively). Except for the control group, cells were treated with NMDA (HT-22 cells: 20 mmol/L; HEK-293 cells: 50 µmol/L). After 24 h, cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8. The molecular mechanism between berberine and the NMDA receptor was studied by molecular docking. RESULTS: Berberine 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg could prolong the analgesic time of morphine. In acute and chronic morphine tolerance models, berberine could inhibit the decrease of MPAE and baseline latency (0.05). In the established tolerance model, berberine could rapidly reverse the decreased MPAE (0.05). The combination of berberine and morphine on day one could effectively inhibit the morphine-induced increase of NOS activity and NO content in the spinal cord (0.05). Berberine significantly increased the cell viability of NMDA-induced nerve injury in HT-22 and HEK-293 cells (0.05). Molecular docking showed that berberine binds to the receptor pocket of NMDA. CONCLUSIONS: Berberine could effectively enhance and prolong the duration of morphine analgesia and inhibit the development of morphine-induced tolerance and hyperalgesia. Furthermore, berberine has a certain neuroprotective effect, which may be related to the inhibition of NMDA activity.

Research progress on bevacizumab in the treatment of radiation-induced brain necrosis / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Radiation-induced brain necrosis (RIBN) is a serious late and irreversible complication after radiation therapy for primary or secondary brain tumors as well as head and neck tumors, and there is no effective treatment. In recent years, bevacizumab has been increasingly applied in the treatment of RIBN, which has been proven to yield certain efficacy and improve patient survival. However, the optimal treatment timing and regimen have been controversial and lack of basic consensus. In this article, research progress on these issues was briefly reviewed.

Carrier screening model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy for women of reproductive age based on a pre-pregnancy birth defect control platform / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To establish a screening model for females of reproductive age carrying Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) variants based on a current community health examination platform.@*METHODS@#A total of 61 870 participants were recruited between October 2017 and October 2019. Serum creatine kinase (CK) was measured with a Roche Cobasc 701/702 using an enzymatic rate method. Genetic testing was offered to those with a CK level of ≥ 200 U/L. For carriers of DMD variants, genetic counseling and follow up were provided.@*RESULTS@#For the 61 870 females participating in the program, 1078 were found with raised serum CK (≥ 200 U/L), of which 618 (57.33%) accepted CK re-measurement after at least a two-week interval. One hundred and twenty cases were found with sustained serum CK elevation, of which 6 were confirmed to be definite DMD carriers regardless of family history. Genetic testing was provided to 33 females with a family history for DMD, and 13 were determined as definite carriers. An affected fetus was detected by prenatal diagnosis. After genetic counseling, the parents had opted induced abortion.@*CONCLUSION@#Large-scale DMD carrier screening through a three-step approach based on the current community health examination platform is both feasible and cost effective.

Effectiveness of a new health education pathway for echinococcosis control among primary school students in hyper-endemic regions / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of a new health education pathway for echinococcosis control among primary school students in regions highly prevalent for echinococcosis in China. Methods Six primary schools were randomly selected from echinococcosis hyper-endemic regions, with 13 classes assigned to the intervention group and 9 to the control group, and all students in these 21 classes were recruited as the study subjects. Echinococcosis health education was performed through the pathway of assessing the current status-strengthening the building of teaching resources-focusing on practices in the intervention group, while routine health education was given in the control group. A questionnaire survey was performed to assess the score of echinococcosis control knowledge (including theoretical knowledge score and mean daily practical capability score) before and after the health education interventions to evaluate the effectiveness of this new health education pathway for echinococcosis control. Results The mean score of echinococcosis control knowledge was 68.86 ± 18.70 points at baseline, with the mean theoretical knowledge score of 40.97 ± 10.75 points, and the mean daily practical capability score of 27.89 ± 12.50 points. Clustering analysis showed three types of populations, including “unsatisfactory”, “learn and apply creatively”, and “rote learning”, which accounted for 24.62% (240/975), 45.74% (446/975) and 29.64% (289/975), respectively. The mean score of echinococcosis control knowledge was 81.08 ± 18.15 points in the intervention group during the final assessment, with the mean theoretical knowledge score of 43.65 ± 9.40 points, and the mean daily practical capability score of 37.43 ± 12.22 points, and both were significantly higher relative to baseline (t = −4.201 and −15.202, both P values < 0.01). The mean score of echinococcosis control knowledge was comparable between at baseline (70.55 ± 19.46 points) and final assessment (71.74 ± 19.37 points) in the control group (t = −0.87, P > 0.05). Conclusions The awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge is fair among primary school students in echinococcosis hyper-endemic regions; however, the capability of combining theoretical learning and practices requires to be improved. The health education mode based on the pathway of assessing the current status-strengthening the building of teaching resources-focusing on practices seems to remarkably improve the understanding of echinococcosis control knowledge among primary school students in echinococcosis hyper-endemic regions.

Epidemiological profiles of echinococcosis cases reported in the National Notifiable Disease Report System in non-endemic areas of China from 2004 to 2016 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the epidemiological profiles of echinococcosis cases reported in non-endemic areas of China in the National Notifiable Disease Report System from 2004 to 2016, so as to provide insights into the development of effective surveillance and response measures. Methods The data pertaining to the echinococcosis cases reported in the National Notifiable Disease Report System in 22 non-endemic provinces of China from 2004 to 2016 were collected, and the epidemiological profiles of the reported echinococcosis cases were descriptively analyzed. Results A total of 462 echinococcosis cases were reported in the 22 non-endemic provinces of China from 2004 to 2016, and the number of reported cases increased with time (χ2 = 4.516, P = 0.034). During the 13-year period from 2004 to 2016, the highest number of echinococcosis cases was reported in central and eastern China (56.49%), followed by in northern and northeastern China (30.30%), and the highest number of echinococcosis cases was reported in Henan Province (99 cases). Among the 462 echinococcosis cases reported, there were 234 men and 228 women, and the mean age was (41.42 ± 16.03) years (range, 4 to 86 years), with the highest number of echinococcosis cases reported at ages of 20 to 50 years (63.20%). The highest proportion of occupations was farmers and herdsmen (36.15%), and the greatest source was from echinococcosis-endemic provinces (50.43%); in addition, 97.40% of the echinococcosis cases were reported by hospitals. Conclusions Echinococcosis cases were reported in all 22 non-endemic provinces of China in the National Notifiable Disease Report System from 2004 to 2016, and the number of reported cases appeared an overall tendency for sporadicity and local increase with time. Screening of echinococcosis is recommended among famers and herdsmen at ages of 20 to 50 years from endemic regions by medical institutions in non-endemic regions for timely identification and treatment of echinococcosis cases.

Rectal nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and pancreatic stents in preventing post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis in high-risk patients: A network meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: 100 mg rectal nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and pancreatic stents both significantly reduce the incidence of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis. Direct comparison of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) between them in high-risk patients is absent. We conducted this network meta-analysis to indirectly compare the efficacies of 100 mg rectal NSAIDs and pancreatic stents in preventing post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) in high-risk patients and help us decide which is preferred in clinical practice. METHODS: A comprehensive search was done to identify RCTs published in English full-text. Interventions included 100 mg rectal NSAIDs (diclofenac or indomethacin) and pancreatic stents. Only studies with high-risk patients of PEP were included. Meta-analyses of NSAIDs and pancreatic stents were conducted respectively. A network meta-analysis using the Bayesian method was performed. RESULTS: We included 14 RCTs, 8 on pancreatic stents and 6 on 100 mg rectal NSAIDs in high-risk patients. There was no direct comparison between them. After excluding an outlier study on NSAIDs (n = 144), meta-analyses showed they both significantly and statistically reduced the incidence of PEP in high-risk patients (pancreatic stents: n = 8 studies, random-effects risk ratio (RR)0.41, 95%CI 0.30-0.56, I = 0%; NSAIDs: n = 5 studies, random-effects RR 0.37, 95%CI 0.25-0.54, I = 0%). And network meta-analysis showed efficacy of 100 mg rectal NSAIDs was equal to pancreatic stents (random-effects RR 0.94, 95%CI 0.50-1.8). CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of 100 mg rectal NSAIDs (diclofenac or indomethacin) seems equally significant to pancreatic stents in preventing PEP in high-risk patients. Considering the cost-effectiveness and safety, 100 mg diclofenac or indomethacin may be preferred.

Neoblast-enriched zinc finger protein FIR1 triggers local proliferation during planarian regeneration

Regeneration, relying mainly on resident adult stem cells, is widespread. However, the mechanism by which stem cells initiate proliferation during this process in vivo is unclear. Using planarian as a model, we screened 46 transcripts showing potential function in the regulation of local stem cell proliferation following 48 h regeneration. By analyzing the regeneration defects and the mitotic activity of animals under administration of RNA interference (RNAi), we identified factor for initiating regeneration 1 (Fir1) required for local proliferation. Our findings reveal that Fir1, enriched in neoblasts, promotes planarian regeneration in any tissue-missing context. Further, we demonstrate that DIS3 like 3'-5' exoribonuclease 2 (Dis3l2) is required for Fir1 phenotype. Besides, RNAi knockdown of Fir1 causes a decrease of neoblast wound response genes following amputation. These findings suggest that Fir1 recognizes regenerative signals and promotes DIS3L2 proteins to trigger neoblast proliferation following amputation and provide a mechanism critical for stem cell response to injury.

Preoperative Evaluation of the Texture of Pituitary Adenoma by MRI-Based Three-Dimensional Reconstruction / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To investigate the usefulness of three-dimensional reconstruction in the preoperative evaluation of the texture of pituitary tumors. Methods Seventy patients with pituitary tumors admitted to our hospital between January 2015 and July 2018 were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent enhanced MRI scanning before surgery. They were classified into the soft group, medium group, and tough group according to the tumor texture. The patient's clinical data, MRI images, and surgery conditions were collected.The Mimics software was used to reconstruct the three-dimensional models of pituitary adenomas. The volume and surface area of different tumor signal groups were calculated and analyzed. In addition, the relationships between tumor size, tumor resection, and postoperative complications were analyzed. Results The three-dimensionally reconstructed model of the pituitary adenoma had a clear outline and was consistent with the tumor area in the MRI images. The calculated average threshold accurately segmented the images. Grouped by the classification of texture, the differences of the proportions of each part were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01). According to the ordinal polytomous logistics regression analysis, the proportion of the volume of the higher part positively correlated with the tumor texture (P ＜0.05), and the ratio of the surface area of the medium part to the overall surface area positively correlated with the tumor texture (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The use of Mimics software for 3 D reconstruction of preoperative MRI images can accurately predict the tumor texture in pituitary tumors and can provide a basis for the choice of surgical methods.

[Assessment of ability of professionals in parasitic disease control and prevention techniques in China, 2017].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the professional theory, prevention and control practice, experimental diagnosis and other technical skills of parasitic diseases among technicians of all levels of disease control and prevention institutions, so as to provide the evidence for strengthening the capacity building of Chinese professional personnel. METHODS: According to the method of recommendation at all levels, the subjects from disease control and prevention institutions at province, prefecture or county levels were chosen to assess the theory of parasitic diseases and test operation skills by using the method of answering the questions together with on-site operations in China. A database was built consisting of subjects' basic information and assessment scores. By using the method of hierarchical classification, the scores by gender, age, professional title, institutions and places of participants were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 124 professions in prevention and treatment of parasitic diseases in 31 provinces (cities and regions) were evaluated in China. The average total score of all the subjects was 125.0 ± 35.2, with a passing rate of 54.8%. The average scores of male subjects and female subjects were 120.8 ± 34.2 and 126.6 ± 35.4 respectively; the average scores of the subjects aged under 30 years, between 30 and 40 years, and above 40 years were 125.6 ± 33.6, 124.9 ± 35.8, and 119.3 ± 45.9 respectively; the average scores of persons with junior, intermediate and senior professional titles were 119.8 ± 35.8, 136.0 ± 32.5 and 127.1 ± 40.9 respectively. The average theoretical assessment score of all the subjects was 67.4 ± 15.6, with a passing rate of 68.5%. The average practical skill assessment score of all the subjects was 57.6 ± 21.8, with a passing rate of 46.0%. The average detection rates of Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale and P. malariae in endemic and non-endemic areas were 64.1%, 72.8%, 57.0%, 58.3% and 35.9%, 46.9%, 33.3%, 43.8%, respectively. The detection ability of professionals in endemic areas was significantly higher than that in non-endemic areas (χ2 = 767.10, 462.12, 134.97 and 360.80, respectively, all P < 0.01). The total detection rate of schistosome eggs was 48.7%, and the detection rates of schistosome eggs were 67.4% and 36.8% in endemic and non-endemic areas, respectively. The detection ability of professionals in endemic areas was significantly higher than that in non-endemic areas (χ2 = 817.74, P < 0.01). The detection rates of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and Enterobius vermicularis were 85.7%, 78.6%, 91.7%, and 61.8%, 23.5% and 74.4% in the technicians in southern region and northern region of China, showing significant differences (χ2 = 622.58, 301.70 and 588.71, respectively, all P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The overall results of the subjects are good, but the technical operation capability of them is relatively low. Therefore, the specific training based on daily work needs should be enhanced. In addition, we should attach importance to talent cultivation and technical reserve, and strengthen the construction of the team, so as to meet the needs of the prevention and control of parasitic diseases.

[A case-control study on risk factors of cystic echinococcosis in humans in Tibetan areas].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the risk factors of cystic echinococcosis in Tibetan population, so as to provide the reference for development of prevention and control strategies. METHODS: Four cystic echinococcosis highly-prevalent townships were selected from Naqu County of Tibet and Shiqu County of Sichuan Province, which had similar environmental and altitude conditions, from August to September, 2017. Applying the 1∶1 case-control study, a household survey was conducted to investigate the risk factors of echinococcosis in humans. RESULTS: A total of 378 residents were investigated, of which the numbers of cases and non-cases were both 189. The univariate analysis showed that the years of keeping dogs (OR = 1.032, P < 0.05), the number of keeping dogs (OR = 1.260, P < 0.05), the way of raising dogs (OR = 1.434, P < 0.05), feeding with raw viscera (OR = 1.531, P < 0.05), and there being stray dogs around (OR = 1.946, P < 0.05) were the risk factors of echinococcosis. As a result of the multivariate logistic regression analysis, only three risk factors, feeding with raw viscera, there being stray dogs around, and drinking water resource, were included in the regression model. CONCLUSIONS: Feeding with raw viscera, there being stray dogs around, and drinking water resource are the risk factors of echinococcosis in humans.

Comparative study of NERC-300 high-frequency electric welding device in rat partial hepatectomy / 重庆医学

Objective To contrastively study the effects of NERC-300 high frequency welding device and ultrasonic scalpel in rat partial hepatectomy.Methods Forty-eight rats were divided into the experimental group and control group(n=24).The experimental group applied NERC-300 high frequency welding instrument for conducting partial hepatectomy,while the control group used ultrasonic scalpel.The survival rate,operation time,bleeding volume,working temperature,extent of hepatic thermal damage and change of liver function on 1,3,7 d were compared between the two groups.Results The liver function recovery on 3 d in the experimental group was superior to the control group (P＜0.05).The intra-operative working temperature in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The thermal damage range in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The survival rate,operation time,bleeding volume and liver function change on 1,7 d had no statistical differences between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion NERC-300 high frequency welding device is safe and effective for partial hepatectomy in rat.

A case-control study on risk factors of cystic echinococcosis in humans in Ti-betan areas / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objectives To understand the risk factors of cystic echinococcosis in Tibetan population,so as to provide the reference for development of prevention and control strategies.Methods Four cystic echinococcosis highly-prevalent townships were selected from Naqu County of Tibet and Shiqu County of Sichuan Province,which had similar environmental and altitude conditions,from August to September,2017.Applying the 1:1 case-control study,a household survey was conducted to investi-gate the risk factors of echinococcosis in humans. Results A total of 378 residents were investigated,of which the numbers of cases and non-cases were both 189.The univariate analysis showed that the years of keeping dogs(OR=1.032,P<0.05),the number of keeping dogs(OR=1.260,P<0.05),the way of raising dogs(OR=1.434,P<0.05),feeding with raw viscera (OR=1.531,P<0.05),and there being stray dogs around(OR=1.946,P<0.05)were the risk factors of echinococcosis.As a result of the multivariate logistic regression analysis,only three risk factors,feeding with raw viscera,there being stray dogs around,and drinking water resource,were included in the regression model.Conclusion Feeding with raw viscera,there be-ing stray dogs around,and drinking water resource are the risk factors of echinococcosis in humans.

Differences in dielectric properties between mucosal and serosal surface of malignant colorectal tissues, adjacent tissues at 1 cm and 3 cm and normal colorectal tissues / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the differences in dielectric properties (relative permittivity and conductivity) between the mucosal surface and serosal surface of malignant colorectal tissues, adjacent tissues at 1 cm and 3 cm from the tumor focus and normal colorectal tissues.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The dielectric properties of the mucosal and serosal surface of malignant colorectal tissues, adjacent tissues (1 cm and 3 cm) and normal colorectal tissues from 39 patients with colorectal cancer were measured with an open-ended coaxial probe within the frequency range of 50 MHz-3 GHz, and the corresponding dielectric properties were analyzed respectively; statistical tests of the data were used to analyze the dielectric properties at 6 specific frequency points.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The dielectric properties were significantly higher in the malignant mucosa surface than in the adjacent tissues and normal colorectal tissues at the 6 specific frequency points (P<0.01). The dielectric properties decreased progressively in adjacent tissues at 1 cm and 3 cm and normal mucosa surface. The mucosal and serosal surface of malignant tissues showed significant differences in dielectric properties at 64 MHz, 128 MHz, 298 MHz, 433 MHz, and 915 MHz (P<0.01) but not at 2450 MHz (P>0.01), but such differences were not observed in normal tissues (P>0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The dielectric properties of the mucosal surface of the mucosal decrease in the order of malignant colorectal tissue, adjacent tissues at 1 cm and 3 cm from the tumor foci and normal colorectal tissues. The dielectric properties are higher in the mucosal surface than in the serosal surface in the malignant tissue, but comparable in normal colorectal tissues.</p>

Assessment of ability of professionals in parasitic disease control and prevention techniques in China, 2017 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To understand the professional theory, prevention and control practice, experimental diagnosis and other technical skills of parasitic diseases among technicians of all levels of disease control and prevention institutions, so as to provide the evidence for strengthening the capacity building of Chinese professional personnel. Methods According to the method of recommendation at all levels, the subjects from disease control and prevention institutions at province, prefecture or county levels were chosen to assess the theory of parasitic diseases and test operation skills by using the method of answering the questions together with on-site operations in China. A database was built consisting of subjects’ basic information and assessment scores. By using the method of hierarchical classification, the scores by gender, age, professional title, institutions and places of participants were analyzed. Results A total of 124 professions in prevention and treatment of parasitic diseases in 31 provinces (cities and regions) were evaluated in China. The average total score of all the subjects was 125.0 ± 35.2, with a passing rate of 54.8%. The average scores of male subjects and female subjects were 120.8 ± 34.2 and 126.6 ± 35.4 respectively; the average scores of the subjects aged under 30 years, between 30 and 40 years, and above 40 years were 125.6 ± 33.6, 124.9 ± 35.8, and 119.3 ± 45.9 respectively; the average scores of persons with junior, intermediate and senior professional titles were 119.8 ± 35.8, 136.0 ± 32.5 and 127.1 ± 40.9 respectively. The average theoretical assessment score of all the subjects was 67.4 ± 15.6, with a passing rate of 68.5%. The average practical skill assessment score of all the subjects was 57.6 ± 21.8, with a passing rate of 46.0%. The average detection rates of Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale and P. malariae in endemic and non-endemic areas were 64.1%, 72.8%, 57.0%, 58.3% and 35.9%, 46.9%, 33.3%, 43.8%, respectively. The detection ability of professionals in endemic areas was significantly higher than that in non-endemic areas (χ2 = 767.10, 462.12, 134.97 and 360.80, respectively, all P < 0.01). The total detection rate of schistosome eggs was 48.7%, and the detection rates of schistosome eggs were 67.4% and 36.8% in endemic and non-endemic areas, respectively. The detection ability of professionals in endemic areas was significantly higher than that in non-endemic areas (χ2 = 817.74, P < 0.01). The detection rates of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and Enterobius vermicularis were 85.7%, 78.6%, 91.7%, and 61.8%, 23.5% and 74.4% in the technicians in southern region and northern region of China, showing significant differences (χ2 = 622.58, 301.70 and 588.71, respectively, all P < 0.01). Conclusions The overall results of the subjects are good, but the technical operation capability of them is relatively low. Therefore, the specific training based on daily work needs should be enhanced. In addition, we should attach importance to talent cultivation and technical reserve, and strengthen the construction of the team, so as to meet the needs of the prevention and control of parasitic diseases.

Assessment of ability of professionals in parasitic disease control and prevention techniques in China, 2017 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To understand the professional theory, prevention and control practice, experimental diagnosis and other technical skills of parasitic diseases among technicians of all levels of disease control and prevention institutions, so as to provide the evidence for strengthening the capacity building of Chinese professional personnel. Methods According to the method of recommendation at all levels, the subjects from disease control and prevention institutions at province, prefecture or county levels were chosen to assess the theory of parasitic diseases and test operation skills by using the method of answering the questions together with on-site operations in China. A database was built consisting of subjects’ basic information and assessment scores. By using the method of hierarchical classification, the scores by gender, age, professional title, institutions and places of participants were analyzed. Results A total of 124 professions in prevention and treatment of parasitic diseases in 31 provinces (cities and regions) were evaluated in China. The average total score of all the subjects was 125.0 ± 35.2, with a passing rate of 54.8%. The average scores of male subjects and female subjects were 120.8 ± 34.2 and 126.6 ± 35.4 respectively; the average scores of the subjects aged under 30 years, between 30 and 40 years, and above 40 years were 125.6 ± 33.6, 124.9 ± 35.8, and 119.3 ± 45.9 respectively; the average scores of persons with junior, intermediate and senior professional titles were 119.8 ± 35.8, 136.0 ± 32.5 and 127.1 ± 40.9 respectively. The average theoretical assessment score of all the subjects was 67.4 ± 15.6, with a passing rate of 68.5%. The average practical skill assessment score of all the subjects was 57.6 ± 21.8, with a passing rate of 46.0%. The average detection rates of Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale and P. malariae in endemic and non-endemic areas were 64.1%, 72.8%, 57.0%, 58.3% and 35.9%, 46.9%, 33.3%, 43.8%, respectively. The detection ability of professionals in endemic areas was significantly higher than that in non-endemic areas (χ2 = 767.10, 462.12, 134.97 and 360.80, respectively, all P < 0.01). The total detection rate of schistosome eggs was 48.7%, and the detection rates of schistosome eggs were 67.4% and 36.8% in endemic and non-endemic areas, respectively. The detection ability of professionals in endemic areas was significantly higher than that in non-endemic areas (χ2 = 817.74, P < 0.01). The detection rates of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and Enterobius vermicularis were 85.7%, 78.6%, 91.7%, and 61.8%, 23.5% and 74.4% in the technicians in southern region and northern region of China, showing significant differences (χ2 = 622.58, 301.70 and 588.71, respectively, all P < 0.01). Conclusions The overall results of the subjects are good, but the technical operation capability of them is relatively low. Therefore, the specific training based on daily work needs should be enhanced. In addition, we should attach importance to talent cultivation and technical reserve, and strengthen the construction of the team, so as to meet the needs of the prevention and control of parasitic diseases.

[Evaluation on application of China Disease Prevention and Control Information System of Hydatid Disease II System integration and simulation tests].

OBJECTIVE: To report the integrated progress of the hydatid disease information management system, and to provide the reference for further system improvements by analysis of results on simulation test feedback. METHODS: The work of institutional code matching by collecting fundamental and integrated information of the system in epidemic areas of hydatid disease was carried out, and professional control agencies were selected to carry out the simulation test. RESULTS: The results of agencies code matching at stage indicated the average completion rate was 94.30% on administrative agencies, 69.94% on registered professional agencies and 56.40% on professional institutions matching related to hydatid disease prevention and control implements in seven provinces (autonomous regions) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. Meanwhile, the response rate of open-ended proposals was 93.33% on fifteen feedbacks, and the statistics showed 21.43% believed the system was low fluency, 64.29% considered the system was inconvenience for data inputs and 42.86% considered it would be improved on system statistics functions, of which 27.78% were provincial users, 22.22% were the city users and 50.00% were the county users. CONCLUSIONS: The hydatid disease prevention information management system meets the fundamental needs of the majority agencies in hyperendemic areas of echinococcosis, it needs to develop the further test with more agencies joining after the work of the institutional code matching completion and the system service improvement in the next stage.

Evaluation on application of China Disease Prevention and Control Informa-tion System of Hydatid Disease Ⅱ System integration and simulation tests / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To report the integrated progress of the hydatid disease information management system,and to pro-vide the reference for further system improvements by analysis of results on simulation test feedback. Methods The work of in-stitutional code matching by collecting fundamental and integrated information of the system in epidemic areas of hydatid disease was carried out,and professional control agencies were selected to carry out the simulation test. Results The results of agen-cies code matching at stage indicated the average completion rate was 94.30% on administrative agencies,69.94% on registered professional agencies and 56.40% on professional institutions matching related to hydatid disease prevention and control imple-ments in seven provinces(autonomous regions)and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. Meanwhile,the response rate of open-ended proposals was 93.33% on fifteen feedbacks,and the statistics showed 21.43% believed the system was low fluen-cy,64.29% considered the system was inconvenience for data inputs and 42.86% considered it would be improved on system sta-tistics functions,of which 27.78% were provincial users,22.22% were the city users and 50.00% were the county users. Con-clusion The hydatid disease prevention information management system meets the fundamental needs of the majority agencies in hyperendemic areas of echinococcosis,it needs to develop the further test with more agencies joining after the work of the in-stitutional code matching completion and the system service improvement in the next stage.

Research advances in neurological complications of viral hepatitis / 临床肝胆病杂志

Neurological complications of viral hepatitis mainly include hepatic encephalopathy,hepatic myelopathy,peripheral neuropathy,meningoencephalitis,and epilepsy.Hepatic encephalopathy is a common complication with mature diagnosis and treatment methods,and the other complications are relatively uncommon and lack treatment methods.This article introduces the classification,clinical manifestation,and treatment of each complication,in order to find the optimal therapies for neurological complications of viral hepatitis.