ABSTRACT
Primary hemifacial spasm is a motor disorder of facial muscles related to facial nerve. During the attack, the facial muscles present irregular and involuntary clonus, which can be induced or aggravated by emotional excitement, mental tension and random facial movement, seriously affecting daily work and life. The pathogenesis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of the primary hemifacial spasm have been studied extensively in recent years. This article reviews the progress in these aspects.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the differential expression of cyclooxygenase (COX) gene between familial aggregated atherosclerotic large-artery atherosclerosis(LAA) cerebral infarction patients and sporadic LAA cerebral infarction patients.Methods:Twenty-five patients with familial aggregation LAA cerebral infarction (familial aggregation LAA group) and 25 sporadic LAA cerebral infarction patients (sporadic LAA group) were collected.Another 25 patients with non-cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were selected as control group.Real-time quantitative PCR and ELISA were used to detect COX-1 and COX-2 protein in the supernatant of samples.Results:The expression level of COX-1 gene was 0.5436±0.2737, 0.2400±0.1656 and 0.8340±0.3799 in the familial aggregation, sporadic LAA cerebral infarction and control groups.Compared with control group, COX-1 gene expression in sporadic LAA cerebral infarction group and familial aggregation LAA cerebral infarction group was significantly down-regulated, the differences were significant( P<0.05). The expression level of COX-2 gene was 1.3672±0.8249, 1.3932±0.7158 and 0.7212±0.9623 in the familial aggregation, sporadic LAA cerebral infarction and control groups.Compared with the normal control group, the expression of COX-2 gene in familial aggregation LAA cerebral infarction group and sporadic LAA cerebral infarction group increased significantly( P<0.05). The expression of COX-1 protein was 2.9956±0.5672, 2.5572±1.0289 and 2.6721±0.7944 in the familial aggregation, sporadic cerebral infarction and control groups.The expression of COX-2 protein was 16.63±4.06, 16.86±7.93 and 15.94±5.94 in the familial aggregation, sporadic cerebral infarction and control groups.There was no significant difference in the relative expression of COX-1 and COX-2 proteins among familial aggregation LAA cerebral infarction group, sporadic LAA cerebral infarction group and control group(all P>0.05). Conclusion:There is significant difference in COX-1 gene expression between patients with familial LAA and sporadic LAA cerebral infarction.
ABSTRACT
Crohn's disease (CD) has the characteristics of jumping and transmural inflammation of the whole digestive tract. At present, the first-line examination methods to assist the diagnosis and treatment of CD are endoscopy, magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) and computed tomography enterography (CTE). However, due to the special anatomical structure of small intestine, the traditional endoscopic examination has limitations. MRE and CTE are sensitive to intestinal wall inflammation, but not to mucosal surface inflammation, which makes the difficulty of early diagnosis and treatment of small intestinal CD. Small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) has solved this problem. This article reviewed the application of SBCE for the diagnosis and treatment of CD.
ABSTRACT
To prevent the stripping of coating sorbents in headspace solid-phase microextraction, a porous extraction probe with packed sorbent was introduced by using a porous stainless steel needle tube and homemade sol-gel sorbents. The traditional stainless-steel needle tube was punched by a laser to obtain two rows of holes, which supply a passageway for analyte vapor during extraction and desorption. The sorbent was prepared by a traditional sol-gel method with both poly(ethylene glycol) and hydroxy-terminated silicone oil as coating ingredients. Eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and six benzene series compounds were used as illustrative semi-volatile and volatile organic compounds in sequence to verify the extraction performance of this porous headspace solid-phase microextraction probe. It was found that the analysis method combining a headspace solid-phase microextraction probe and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry yielded determination coefficients of no less than 0.985 and relative standard deviations of 4.3-12.4%. The porous headspace solid-phase microextraction probe showed no decrease of extraction ability after 200 uses. These results demonstrate that the packed extraction probe with porous structure can be used for headspace solid-phase microextraction. This novel design may overcome both the stripping and breakage problems of the conventional coating fiber.
