[AntI-inflammatory, antipyretic and antimicrobial activity of flavonoid-containing extract of Gratiola officinalis L].

The extract of Gratiola officinalis L. has been obtained by an original method ensuring the maximum yield of flavonoids. The extract simultaneously exhibits high anti-inflammatory activity, selective antimicrobial properties (with respect to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but not to conditionally pathogenic E. coli) and antipyretic effect (observed for the first time in Gratiola officinalis L. preparations). Advantages of the proposed preparation are low toxicity, availability of the raw material, and broad spectrum of therapeutic effects.

[Influence of electromagnetic emission at the frequencies of molecular absorption and emission spectra of oxygen and nitrogen oxide on the adhesion and formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm].

AIM: Evaluate the influence of electromagnetic emission (EME) at the frequencies of molecular absorption and emission spectra of atmospheric oxygen and nitrogen oxide (MAES 02 and MAES NO respectively) on the adhesion, population progress and biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adhesive activity was evaluated by mean adhesion index (MAI) of bacteria on human erythrocytes. Population growth dynamic was assessed by optical density index of broth cultures; biofilm formation--by values of optical density of the cells attached to the surface of polystyrol wells. RESULTS: P.aeruginosa bacteria had high adhesive properties that have increased under the influence of MAES 02 frequency emission and have not changed under the influence of MAES NO frequency. Exposure of bacteria to MAES NO frequency did not influence the population progress; exposure to MAES 02 frequency stimulated the biofilm formation ability of the bacteria, and MAES NO--decreased this ability. CONCLUSION: EME at MAES NO frequency can be used to suppress bacterial biofilm formation by pseudomonas.

[Circulation of methicillin-resistant staphylococci in hospitals with different profiles].

Analysis of prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococci in hospitals with different specializations was performed. 2584 strains were isolated. Methicillin-resistant (MR) strains were present in different profile hospitals and their total prevalence between isolated strains was 12.3% while significantly varied in different hospitals (from 8% to 37%). Along with MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), MRSE (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis) and MRSS (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus saprophyticus) were presented in all studied hospitals. The prevalence of MR strains was highest among strains isolated from flame burn wounds (37%), while in samples from newborns in maternity hospital resistant strains represented 12% of isolates, and in general clinical hospital--not more than 9% of isolates. Relationship between rates of isolation of methicillin-resistant staphylococci and specialization of hospital unit was noted. For example, prevalence of MR staphylococci in isolates from newborns in ICU (47.5%) differed from the same one in maternity hospital (11.6%).

[Chemotherapeutic effect of 3-(5-nitrofuryl)-7-(5-nitrofurfurylidene)-3,3a,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-2H-indazole in experimental staphylococcal infection].

Chemotherapeutic activity of 3-(5-nitrofuryl)-7-(5-nitrofurfuryliden)-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 7-hexahydro-2H-indazol (compound 26) was studied on albino mice with experimental staphylococcal infection. The animals were contaminated intraperitoneally. The results of culture of the specimens of the organs of the mice killed within various terms and the values of the spleen bacterial index served as the criteria of the effectiveness. Compound 26 was administered in doses of 20, 10 and 5 mg/kg once a day for 3 days. The treatment was started simultaneously with or 24 hours after the contamination. The results showed that compound 26 in a dose 20 mg/kg (0.4 mg/mouse) possessed high chemotherapeutic activity in experimental staphylococcal infection of albino mice and could be recommended for a thorough study as a potential agent for chemotherapy of staphylococcal infection.

[Antimicrobial activity of new original 2-aryliden-6-furfuryliden cyclohexanones and hexahydroindazoles on their basis]. / Antimikrobnaia aktivnost' novykh original'nykh 2-ariliden-6-furfurilidentsiklogeksanonov i geksagidroindroindazolov na ikh isnove.

Antimicrobial activity of 25 new original 2-aryliden-6-furfuryliden cyclohexanones and hexahydroindazoles based on them was studied. The majority of the compounds had low or moderate activity against the test cultures of Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus spp. and Escherichia coil. Compound XIX (2,3-diphenyl-7-(5-nitrofurfuryliden)-3,3a,4,5,6,7-hexahydroindazole) with high antistaphylococcal activity was selected among several 2-aryliden-6-furfuryliden cyclohexanones and hexahydroindazoles. The activity of compound XIX was tested with the use of 105 clinical isolates of staphylococci. Comparative antistaphylococcal activity of compound XIX, furazolidone and sodium cefotaxime against the isolates was estimated. The impact of the microbial load, pH of the nutrient medium and the presence of 1%, 5% or 10% of serum or blood in the medium on the antimicrobial activity of compound XIX was evaluated. The results are in favour of further research on compound XIX as a potential agent of etiotropic therapy for staphylococcal infection.

[Donor activity of methicillin resistant staphylococci in transduction experiments]. / Donorskaia aktivnost' metitsillinorezistentnykh shtammov stafilokokkov v opytakh po transduktsii.

Antibiotic resistance gene transmission from methicillin resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), isolated in a burn care unit, was studied in transduction experiments with type phages 29, 52, 52A and in experiments with prophage induction. The results of the experiments demonstrated high donor activity of MRSA. Recombinants with different antibiotic resistance phenotypes were revealed, but there were no methicillin resistant staphylococci among them. Stability of cloramphenicol resistance gene transmission in the experiments on specific transduction with the prophage induction could be indicative of the prophage localization near the chloramphenicol resistance genes. Variety of the antibiotic resistance combinations in the transductants from the clinical strains of MRSA could prove heterogeneity of the strains even under conditions of one hospital.

[Storage of industrial microorganisms entrapped into polymer matrices]. / Khranenie promyshlennykh mikroorganizmov, vkliuchennykh v polimernye matritsy.

Our study of the techniques of long-term storage of the biomass of various strains of microorganisms, which cause breakdown or transformation of synthetic organic compounds, demonstrates that desiccated agar beads with immobilized microbial cells can be used for this purpose. In addition, the cells can be stored in desiccated matrices of agar or polyvinyl alcohol, coating synthetic cords. Such dry biocatalysts may be used for quick starting of bioreactors and in other biotechnological processes. The technique is applicable to storage of various strains of Pseudomonas, Corynebacterium, Rhodococcus, and, to a lesser extent, Enterobacteriaceae.

[Protective effects of agar during immobilization of strains capable to degrade aromatic compounds]. / Zashchitnoe deistvie agara pri immobilizatsii shtammov--destruktorov aromaticheskikh soedinenii.

A study of utilization of toxic monoaromatic compounds by microbial cells incorporated into agar matrix revealed positive effects of immobilization on the rate and completeness of biodegradation. This increase in the degrading activity is probably due to a strong protective effect of the polysaccharide carrier. The protective properties of agar are not due to sorptional and diffusional processes in the matrix. These properties were shown to be associated with the formation of a specific extracellular membrane around microcolonies.

[The use of the television microscopicanalysis for the serodiagnosis of salmonellosis and brucellosis]. / Ispol'zovanie metoda televizionnogo mikroskopicheskogo analiza dlia serodiagnostiki sal'monelleza i brutselleza.

The possibility of using TV microscopic analysis for the laboratory diagnosis of salmonellosis and brucellosis is considered. The comparative analysis of this method and standard serodiagnostic methods was made in the study of sera taken from 134 salmonellosis patients 69 chronic brucellosis patients. The study demonstrated the advantages of the method of MIA (rapidity, high sensitivity, specificity), making it possible to recommend its wide use for the laboratory diagnosis of salmonellosis and brucellosis.

[A microbiological validation and criteria for the efficacy of the use of CO2 and YAG lasers in the surgical treatment of cholecystitis]. / Mikrobiologicheskoe obosnovanie i kriterii éffektivnosti primeneniia CO2- i AIG-lazerov v khirurgicheskom lechenii kholetsistita.

A considerable frequency of infected bed of the gallbladder in different forms of cholecystitis was established, the anaerobic microflora being inoculated more often. A direct dependence of the frequency of infecting the bile and gallbladder bed on the patient's age and duration of having chronic cholecystitis was shown. The sterilization and prevention of reinfection of the gallbladder bed after the removal of it can be achieved by the laser irradiation of the total bed surface inspite of the absence of clear symptoms of acute inflammation of the bladder and the surrounding tissues, and the cleansing should be performed after the manipulations on extrahepatic bile ducts are completed.

[Effects of a new derivative of 5-alkyl-3N-furanones on the colonization resistance of the intestine in albino mice]. / Vliianie novogo proizvodnogo 5-alkil-3N-furanonov na kolonizatsionnuiu rezistentnost' kishechnika belykh myshei.

By its antagonistic function normal microflora provides the intestine with resistance to colonization with exogenic opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms. The drug was effective in inducing a decrease in the intestine colonization resistance which in its turn leads to filling of free ecological niches with exogenic microflora. In this connection the suggestion that specification of a new chemical agent should include along with other criteria its effect on colonization resistance is valid. It was shown with the use of indicator microorganisms that when administered per os in doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg daily for 3 and 6 days, respectively, a new original compound 1929, a derivative of 5-alkyl-3H-furanones, with high antimicrobial activity induced no significant or more pronounced changes in the colonization resistance of the gastrointestinal tract of noninbred albino mice than furagin used as the reference drug.

[Chemotherapeutic effectiveness of a new derivative of 5-alkyl-3N-furanones in experimental staphylococcal infection]. / Khimioterapevticheskaia éffektivnost' novogo proizvodnogo 5-alkil-3N-furanonov pri éksperimental'noi stafilokokkovoi infektsii.

High chemotherapeutic efficacy of the compound 1929, a new derivative of 5-alkyl-3H-furanones was shown in albino mice with experimental staphylococcal infection caused by intraperitoneal administration to the animals. The efficacy was found to be higher than that of furagin used for comparison. The average therapeutic dose (AD50) of the compound for intraperitoneal administration amounted to 40 mg/kg while the average lethal dose (LD50) was 3000 mg/kg.

[The possible use of PKZh-type devices (liquid purity control devices) in the analysis of cell suspensions]. / Vozmozhnost' ispol'zovaniia priborov tipa PKZh (pribory kontrolia chistoty zhidkosti) pri analize kletochnykh suspenzii.

PKZh means "device for liquid purity control". A possibility is considered to use the native PKZh type device for carrying out quantitative analyses of cellular suspension components, for routine bacterial suspension, agglutinated bacterial suspension and erythrocyte suspension. The flowing photometric principle of particle recording, used in the device, allows to analyse biological suspensions with small amounts of components. The device provides a differential count of some cells and their conglomerates in six dimensional ranges, within the frames of 1-25 micron or higher. The time consumption for one sample analysis is 10-15 seconds.

[Acinetobacter calcoaceticus strain with a wide spectrum of utilizing aromatic compounds and carrying a plasmid for resorcin degradation]. / Shatmm Acinetobacter calcoaceticus s shirokim spektrom utilizatsii aromaticheskikh soedinenii, nesushchii plazmidu degradatsii rezortsina.

A bacterial strain was isolated from soil and identified as Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. lwoffii. The strain can utilize a wide spectrum of aromatic compounds. It carries a transmissive plasmid pBSW13 which determines resorcin utilization via the ortho pathway including the following steps: resorcin-hydroxyhydroquinone-maleylacetate-beta-ketoadipi c acid. The plasmid has been transferred by conjugation into the recipient strains of A. calcoaceticus 5734 CCM rifr, Escherichia coli J-53 met-pro-rifr and Klebsiella sp. Plasmid DNA with a molecular mass close to that of phage gamma was detected by electrophoresis in the donor and recombinant strains. The degradation of other substrates is not a phenotypic expression of the genes of this plasmid.