[Geographical variation of allele frequencies at the LDH-A* locus in the arctic grayling Thymallus arcticus Pall. and in the European grayling Thymallus arcticus L]. / Geograficheskaia izmenchivost' chastot allelei lokusa LDH-A* u sibirskogo Thymalus articus Pall. i evropeiskogo Thymallus thymallus L. khariusa.

The allele frequencies of LDH-A* locus were studied in the population of Siberian grayling from the Kozhym River (Pechora basin) and in the population of European grayling from Pechora, Mezen', and Vym' rivers (Northern Dvina basin). In samples of both species (n = 134), three LDH-A phenotypes have been identified in total, which proved to be under the control of two alleles: LDH-A*100 and LDH-A*50. The alternative alleles of LDH-A* locus were identified in the populations of Siberian grayling from Kozhym River and in the population of European grayling from the same river and other Pechora tributaries, namely, LDH-A*100 and LDH-A*50 in the Siberian and the European grayling, respectively. However, in the European grayling populations from the Mezen' and Vym' rivers, both alleles occur at the frequencies of the rare LDH-A*100 allele of 0.143 and 0.222, respectively. According to the published data, the frequency of LDH-A*100 allele increases in the European grayling populations of northwestern (Finland) and southern (France) rivers, reaching 0.872 and 1.000 in Rhone and Loire, respectively, i.e., the values characteristic of the Siberian grayling populations.

[Ethnogenetics of the Komi-Zyrians according to data on the distribution of gene frequencies of erythrocyte and serum systems in the blood]. / Etnogenetika komi-zyrian po dannym raspredeleniia chastot genov éritrotsitarnykh i syvorotochnykh sistem krovi.

Distribution of gene markers of blood groups (ABO, RH, MN, KEL, and FY), erythrocyte enzymes (SOD-A and 6-PGD) and serum proteins (Hp, Gc, Tf, and ChE2) was studied in 10 ethnographic and geographic groups of Komis. Some of the groups studied differ significantly in the allele frequencies--B-ABO (0.163-0.289), Fy alpha (0.496-0.693), K (0.018-0.076)--and in haplotype frequencies of RH system--CDe (0.237-0.403), cDE (0.219-0.351), and cde (0.225-0.425). Average gene frequencies in Komis are considered in regard to ethnogenesis of the nation. It is demonstrated that Komis are genetically close to Finno-Ugrian ethnic groups of the Ural territory, but are different from Baltic Finns.

[Testing the homozygosity of Baikal seal using data on genetic variability of proteins]. / Proverka gomozigotnosti baikal'skoi nerpy po dannym analiza geneticheskoi izmenchivosti belkov.

Interspecies genetic variability of Baikal seal was studied for 22 proteins encoded by 24 loci. Genetic variants have been detected in transferrin (TfA = 0.96; TfB = 0.04), postalbumin (PaA = 0.130; PaB = 0.870) and "slow" carboxylesterase (CrE-6A = 0.98; CrE-6B = 0.02). Low genetic variability is characteristic of species as well as of many other representatives of Pinnipedia order.

[Isoenzymes of human blood cholinesterases and their genetic control]. / Izofermenty kholinésteraz krovi cheloveka i ikh geneticheskii kontrol'.

Acetylcholinesterase from human erythrocytes solubilized by 1% Triton X-100 was resolved using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis into two components. The first one (fast) is more firmly bound to cell membranes than the other. The existence of multiple forms (C1-C4) of serum cholinesterase-1 (CHE1) has been established. Electrophoresis in acid medium (pH 4.8) permits to detect the C5 component and a group of supplementary isoenzymes of cholinesterase-2. Individual differences observed in patterns of the CHE2 isozymes are controlled by a pair of autosomal codominant alleles Che2A and Che2B. The serum of subjects with phenotypes Che2AB(C5+) and Che2BB(C5-) showed on the average equal level of cholinesterase activity.

[Codominant nature of alleles of locus E2 controlling synthesis of human blood serum cholinesterase]. / Kodominantnaia priroda allelei lokusa E2, kontroliruiushchego sintez kholinésterazy syvorotki krovi cheloveka.

The C5 component of ChE2 (locus E2) of human serum is not an autosomal dominant trait. This component is a part of the group of isozymes C5-10 which can be detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in acid medium (pH 4.8). The new electrophoretic data show that polymorphism of ChE2 is determined rather by a pair of autosomal codominant alleles called ChE2A and ChE2B. Serum of subjects with phenotypes ChE2AB (C5+) and ChE2BB (C5-) shows the same level of cholinesterase activity on the average.

[2 genetic systems of serum amylase in the Kholmogor breed of cattle]. / Dve geneticheskie sistemy amilazy syvorotki krovi u kholmogorskoi porody skota

All the genetic types of amylase I (AmI) and amylase II (AmII) known for the species Bos taurus are encountered in the Kholmogorskaya breed of cattle. Besides the two alleles, AmIB and AmIC found in all the other European breeds of cattle the locus in the Kholmogorskaya breed also includes a rare allele AmI-A hitherto considered to be characteristic only of zebu-like cattle. The frequencies of the alleles AmI-A, AmI-B and AmI-C in the Kholmogorskaya breed proved to be 0.014, 0.392 and 0.594 respectively (n = 1098). Of the two co-dominant alleles, AmII-A and AmII-B controlling the synthesis of the isozymes of the second amylase system the first is rare, occurring with the frequency of 0.131 (n = 245). The earlier assumption of Mazumder and Spooner, that there is no linkage between the genes of the loci AmI and AmII is corroborated. The breeds assigned to the Bos taurus brachyceros type have a lower frequencies of the AmI-C allele as compared to other breeds the origin of which is associated with the subspecies B. t. primigenius.