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1.
J Hazard Mater ; 469: 133898, 2024 May 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38422737

ABSTRACT

The growing prevalence of lithium (Li) batteries has drawn public attention to Li as an emerging pollutant. The present study investigates the toxicity of Li+ on Chromochloris zofingiensis, examining physiological, biochemical and omics aspects. Results reveal hormesis effects of Li+ on C. zofingiensis growth. At Li+ concentrations below 5 mg L-1, Li+ can enhance chlorophyll content, mitochondrial activity, and antioxidant capacity, leading to increased dry cell weight and cell number. Conversely, when it exceeded 10 mg L-1, Li+ can reduce chlorophyll content, induce oxidative stress, and disrupt chloroplast and mitochondria structure and function, ultimately impeding cell growth. In addition, under 50 mg L-1 Li+ stress, microalgae optimize absorbed light energy use (increasing Fv/Fm and E TR ) and respond to stress by up-regulating genes in starch and lipid biosynthesis pathways, promoting the accumulation of storage components. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis indicates that peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, GTPase and L-ascorbate oxidase might be the key regulators in response to Li+ stress. This research marks the toxic effects and molecular mechanisms of Li+ on freshwater microalga, which would improve our understanding of Li's toxicology and contributing to the establishment of Li pollution standards.


Subject(s)
Chlorophyceae , Microalgae , Antioxidants/metabolism , Microalgae/metabolism , Lithium/toxicity , Photosynthesis , Chlorophyll/metabolism , Chlorophyceae/metabolism
2.
Int J Med Mushrooms ; 25(2): 67-75, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36749058

ABSTRACT

Box Behnken design (BBD) was used to optimize the extraction of Paxillus involutus (EPI) in ethanol. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: temperature 45°C; solid:liquid ratio 1:35; time 5 h. Under these conditions, the yield of EPI was 13.57%. The antioxidant activity of EPI was evaluated in vitro, and DPPH free radical scavenging, ABTS free radical scavenging, and hydroxyl free radical scavenging effects were found to be equal to or close to that of the positive control vitamin C (VC). The antioxidant activity of EPI was next evaluated in vivo using aging mice; it was found to have appreciable effect on scavenging malonic dialdehyde (MDA) and could increase the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) in mice. Overall, EPI showed antioxidant effects in aging mice, thereby delaying aging, and has potential for application as a natural antioxidant and in medical applications.


Subject(s)
Agaricales , Antioxidants , Animals , Mice , Ethanol , Superoxide Dismutase , Free Radicals
3.
Nat Prod Res ; 34(9): 1246-1249, 2020 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30636453

ABSTRACT

Chemical investigation of Paxillus involutus lead to the isolation of a new coumarin derivative coumarin-pi (1), and three known compounds (2-4). The structure of the new compound was elucidated by interpretation of 1D and 2D NMR data. Compound 1 possesses a rare benzofuranylcoumarin skeleton. The isolated compounds were evaluated for antioxidant activities and coumarin-pi (1) exhibited significant activity with IC50 value of 16.3 µg/mL.


Subject(s)
Agaricales/chemistry , Antioxidants/isolation & purification , Coumarins/isolation & purification , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Coumarins/pharmacology , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Molecular Structure
4.
Int J Med Mushrooms ; 21(6): 561-570, 2019.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31679228

ABSTRACT

The in vitro antioxidant effects of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts isolated from Hericium coralloides were investigated. Overall, the ethyl acetate extract of H. coralloides (HcEAE) showed better antioxidant activity in vitro than the petroleum ether and ethanol extracts (HcPEE and HcETE, respectively) of H. coralloides. A comprehensive investigation of the antioxidant activity of the HcEAE in vitro indicated that it possessed superior antioxidant activity, with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 0.93, 1.84, 1.59, and 0.6 mg/mL against DPPH, hydroxyl, ABTS+, and superoxide (O2- ) radicals, respectively. To assess in vivo antioxidant activity, three different doses of HcEAE were orally administered in a D-galactose-induced aged mouse model. Administration of HcEAE significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and lowered the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in brains and sera of mice in a dose-dependent manner. A histopathology assessment indicated that the HcEAE could ameliorate the anile condition of the model mice. These results suggest that the HcEAE has potent antioxidant activity and could minimize the occurrence of age-associated disorders associated with free radicals.


Subject(s)
Agaricales/chemistry , Aging , Antioxidants/analysis , Cell Extracts/pharmacology , Acetates/analysis , Aging/drug effects , Alkanes/analysis , Animals , Catalase/analysis , Cell Extracts/chemistry , Ethanol , Free Radicals/analysis , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Male , Mice , Superoxide Dismutase/analysis
5.
Antiviral Res ; 90(1): 54-63, 2011 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21352856

ABSTRACT

gp41 is a major component of the envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) responsible for fusion of the viral envelope with the target cellular membrane. The formation of the trimer-of-hairpins core structure of gp41, via the interaction between its N-terminal heptad repeat (NHR) and its C-terminal heptad repeat (CHR) plays a key role in the membrane fusion process. Hence, inhibitors of trimer-of-hairpins formation have become a promising new class of HIV therapeutics. In the present study, based on the mammalian two-hybrid system, we developed a cell-based assay for detecting small-molecular HIV-1 fusion inhibitors targeting gp41. The optimized assay can be adapted to high-throughput screening in 96- and 384-well microplates with high signal-to-background ratios and acceptable Z' factors. The known small-molecular gp41 inhibitors, ADS-J1, XTT formazan and tannin acid, tested positive in this assay, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 4.9 µM, 5.6 µM and 0.8 µM, respectively. These data suggested that this novel assay is robust, sensitive and specific for identifying small-molecular HIV-1 gp41 inhibitors.


Subject(s)
Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology , HIV Fusion Inhibitors/pharmacology , HIV-1/drug effects , Two-Hybrid System Techniques , Anti-HIV Agents/isolation & purification , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods , HIV Envelope Protein gp41 , HIV Fusion Inhibitors/isolation & purification , High-Throughput Screening Assays/methods , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Sensitivity and Specificity
6.
Eur J Pharmacol ; 658(1): 1-8, 2011 May 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21349264

ABSTRACT

Mycophenolic acid (MPA) has been known for decades to be an anticancer and immunosuppressive agent and has significant anticancer properties, but its underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly characterized. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) has a central role in adipocyte differentiation, and MPA has been shown to be a potent PPARγ agonist. Whether PPARγ activation has a putative role in the anticancer efficacy of MPA via induction of adipocyte-like differentiation has not been elucidated. In the present study, MPA was demonstrated to dose-dependently activate PPARγ transcription in the GAL4-hPPARγ (LBD) chimeric receptor assay and PPRE-luc reporter gene assay with an EC(50) of 5.2-9.3 µM. Treatment of the breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 with MPA resulted in differentiation of adipose tissue that was characterized by accumulation of intracellular lipids, enlargement of cell volume, and permanent withdrawal from the cell cycle at the G1/G0 stage. At a molecular level, the expression of three adipocyte differentiation markers (PPARγ, adipsin D, and aP2) was remarkably induced in differentiated breast cancer cells. However, RNA interference experiments showed that PPARγ-knockdown cannot completely reverse the differentiated state of MDA-MB-231 cells after MPA treatment. These data suggest that the effects of MPA on adipocyte-like terminal differentiation of breast cancer cells are (at least in part) due to PPARγ activation, which is a novel anticancer mechanism of MPA.


Subject(s)
Adipocytes/pathology , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Cell Differentiation/drug effects , Mycophenolic Acid/pharmacology , PPAR gamma/metabolism , Animals , CHO Cells , Cell Differentiation/genetics , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , G1 Phase/drug effects , Gene Knockdown Techniques , Humans , PPAR gamma/deficiency , PPAR gamma/genetics , Resting Phase, Cell Cycle/drug effects , Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
7.
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao ; 25(7): 1088-94, 2009 Jul.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19835153

ABSTRACT

Estrogen Receptor (ERalpha) is a member of superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors which play critical roles in many biological processes. To screen novel modulators of ERalpha for drug development and biological function research, we developed a mammalian one-hybrid-based high-throughput screening model for ERalpha modulator. We cloned the ERalpha LBD gene from the total mRNA of fat tissue by RT-PCR and fused it with the GAL4 DNA binding domain of pBIND-GAL4 plasmid to construct a chimara expression plasmid pBIND-GAL4-Eralpha(LBD). The L02 cells was cotransfected with pBIND-GAL4-ERalpha(LBD) and a GAL4-responsive luciferase reporter plasmid pGL3-GAL4, and following treatment with test compounds for 24 h, the activities of luciferase were detected to evaluate the transactivities of ERalpha modulators. After manner optimizations of transfection conditions, Estradiol, an agonist control, induced the expression of luciferase in a dose-dependent with EC50 of 0.17 micromol/L, the maximum folds of induction was about 28.1. Tamoxifen, an antagonist control, efficiently suppressed the estradiol-mediated luciferase induction with EC50 of 0.10 micromol/L. Using this screening model, we discovered four ERalpha agonists from 2000 natural and synthetic compounds.


Subject(s)
DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics , Estrogen Receptor Modulators/isolation & purification , Estrogen Receptor alpha/agonists , Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics , Transcription Factors/genetics , 3T3-L1 Cells , Animals , Chimera/metabolism , DNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis , Estrogen Receptor Modulators/chemistry , Genes, Reporter/genetics , Genistein/chemistry , Genistein/isolation & purification , HeLa Cells , Humans , Luciferases/genetics , Luciferases/metabolism , Mice , Models, Chemical , Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/biosynthesis , Transcription Factors/biosynthesis , Transfection
8.
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao ; 24(9): 1561-7, 2008 Sep.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19160838

ABSTRACT

In order to amplify pilA gene and ompC gene of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strain, two pairs of primers were designed according to the GenBank sequences, and a 549 bp pilA gene and a 1104 bp ompC gene were obtained by PCR separately. Sequence analysis indicated that the homology of the nucleotide sequence of AEPC strain to those other reference strains was 98.18% of the pilA gene and 97.28% of the ompC gene. Two expression plasmids pETpilA and pETompC were constructed by inserting pilA gene and ompC gene into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a. The two plasmids were transformated into E. coli BL21 separately and two recombinant strains BL21 (pETpilA) and BL21 (pETompC) were obtained. The type 1 fimbraie and the out membrane protein were highly expressed when the recombinant strain BL21 (pETpilA) and BL21 (pETompC) were induced by IPTG Two specific proteins were detected by SDS-PAGE and immunogenicity of the expressed protein was confirmed by Western blotting and ELISA. The expressed fimbraie and OmpC were transformed into vaccine. The protective immune response was proved after the mice were immunized with the two vaccines. The results showed that the recombinant strain BL21 (pETpilA) and BL21 (pETompC) could be as candidate vaccine to provide protective immune response against AEPC infection.


Subject(s)
Escherichia coli Proteins/immunology , Escherichia coli/genetics , Fimbriae Proteins/immunology , Porins/immunology , Animals , Cloning, Molecular , Escherichia coli/immunology , Escherichia coli/metabolism , Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics , Escherichia coli Proteins/metabolism , Escherichia coli Vaccines/immunology , Fimbriae Proteins/genetics , Fimbriae Proteins/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial , Genes, Bacterial , Mice , Porins/genetics , Porins/metabolism , Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics , Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology , Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
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