ABSTRACT
Based on the systematic retrieval and the reported components of Sojae Semen Nigrum and Sojae Semen Praeparatum, this study conducted in-depth analysis of conversion of components in the fermentation process, and discussed types and possible mec-hanisms of conversion of chemical components, so as to provide the basis for studying technology, medicinal ingredients and quality standards. According to the analysis, there is a certain degree of conversion of nutrients(like protein, sugar, lipid), bioactive substances(like isoflavones, saponins, γ-aminobutyric acid) and other substances(like nucleosides, melanoids, biamines, etc) in the process of fermentation.
Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Fermentation , Isoflavones/analysis , Semen/chemistry , Glycine maxABSTRACT
The historical evolution， fermentation technology and key links of Sojae Semen Praeparatum （SSP） were sorted out by consulting ancient books and modern literature， and the influencing factors and control methods of quality were analyzed and summarized in order to provide reference for the quality control of SSP. After analysis， it was found that in the fermentation process of SSP， fermentation strains， miscellaneous bacteria， temperature and humidity were all important factors affecting the quality of SSP. The condition control of "post fermentation" process has been paid more attention to in the past dynasties. In addition， the delicious SSP recognized in ancient times should be made from mold fermentation， and the breeding and application of fermented mold may be the key point to solve the quality problem of SSP. Therefore， based on the evaluation indexes of SSP in the past dynasties， it is of great significance to study and optimize the technological conditions such as strain， temperature and humidity in depth to improve the quality of SSP.
ABSTRACT
In this paper, the name, origin and producing area of Sojae Semen Nigrum were studied to provide the basis for the selection of medicinal varieties of Sojae Semen Nigrum. The textual research of this herbal was carried out through the textual research of ancient and modern literature and the comparative study of botany, combined with agricultural archaeology and the investigation of adulterant products. Before Qin Dynasty, the Sojae Semen Nigrums had not been selected, and the edible beans should only be Glycine soja. From Qin to the Northern and Southern dynasties, the Sojae Semen Nigrums G. max were selected,but the medicinal Sojae Semen Nigrum was G. soja. After Tang Dynasty, Sojae Semen Nigrums were recorded more, the medicinal Sojae Semen Nigrums referred to G. soja,G. max and G. gracilis. In modern times, G. soja was hardly to use as the medicine. The harvest time is August or September, and there are many processing methods, such as frying, making tofu, making Semen Sojae Praeparatum, boiling, boiling with auxiliary materials, germination, etc. The quality evaluation of Sojae Semen Nigrum was consistent in past dynasties, and it was considered that "it is better for those who are tight and small". Before Tang Dynasty, the better should only be G. soja. After the Qing Dynasty, the better should be green cotyledon varieties of G. max,which are recommended. In addition, there are many varieties of Sojae Semen Nigrum. It is hoped that that the scientific researchers of traditional Chinese medicine can use modern technology to distinguish the efficacy of Sojae Semen Nigrum with green and yellow cotyledon, and make a comparison between large and small Sojae Semen Nigrum. The results provide scientific basis for the selection of medicinal varieties of Sojae Semen Nigrum.
Subject(s)
Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Glycine max , China , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Seeds/chemistry , Glycine max/chemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To research the origin of Zibei Xiqi which included in Volume 3 of < Bencao Gangmu Shiyi > (A supplement to the compendium of materia medica).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The origin of Zibei Xiqi was confirmed with textural, botanical characteristics research and drug name, therapeutic effects and so on.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The origin of Zibei Xiqi was confirmed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The Zibei Xiqi which is recorded in < Bencao Gangmu Shiyi > should be the immature herbs of Shuang Hudie [Tripterospermum chinense, Gentianaceae], and suggest to correct the original records of the drug name.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Drug Therapy , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Therapeutic Uses , Magnoliopsida , Chemistry , Materia Medica , Chemistry , Therapeutic Uses , Terminology as TopicABSTRACT
To investigate the historical origins of folk herbal medicine 'Xuelihua', the origin of 'Xuelihua' was confirmed by textural, botanical characteristics research, investigation of therapeutic effects and field survey. The 'Xuelihua' which was originally recorded in 'Bencao Gangmu Shiyi' (A Supplement to the Compendium of Materia Medica) should be 'Riben Shegencao' (Ophirrhiza japonica) of Rubiaceae family.
Subject(s)
China , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Classification , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Materia Medica , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Rubiaceae , ClassificationABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To isolate and determine the chemical constituents from Ranunculus japonicus.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Compounds were isolated by column chromatography, and identified by MS, NMR data.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Nine compounds were obtained andelucidated as scoparone (1), tricin (2), protocatechuic acid (3), luteolin (4), anemonin (5), scopoletin (6), 5-hydroxy-6, 7-dimethoxyflavone (7), 5-hydroxy-7, 8-dimethoxyflavone (8), ternatolide (9), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 1-9 were isolated from R. japonicus for the first time while compounds 7, 8 were separated from Ranunculus genus first time.</p>
Subject(s)
Coumarins , Chemistry , Flavonoids , Chemistry , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Ranunculus , ChemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To isolate and determine the chemical constituents from Ranunculus sceleratus.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Six compounds were isolated and purified by extraction and different kinds of column chromatography. The structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectral analysis such as EI-MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT and NOEDS.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The structures were elucidated as stigmasta-4-ene-3,6-dione I, stigmasterol II, isoscopoletin III, scoparone IV, protocatechuic aldehyde V and protocatechuic acid VI, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compound I, III, IV, V and VI were isolated from R. genus for the first time.</p>
