An Unusual Case of Facial Steatocystoma Multiplex: A Clinicopathologic and Dermoscopic Report.

BACKGROUND: Steatocystoma multiplex is a benign skin disorder originating from the sebaceous and nevoid ducts. Commonly classified under hamartomas, they are distributed over the trunk, neck, axillae, and groin. METHODS: A 28-year-old male patient complained of multiple, asymptomatic skin-colored nodules over the face of 10-year duration. Clinical examination confirmed the historic findings of nontender, polysized, flesh-colored papules and nodules over the said distribution. RESULTS: On histopathology, a cyst was noted in the mid-dermis, lined by stratified squamous, agranular epithelium, which contained degenerated keratin. Nonpolarized dermoscopy showed a structureless, cream-colored area, and polarized dermoscopy revealed a distinctive, well-circumscribed, yellowish hue which was superimposed over the facial pseudoreticular pigmentary pattern. The findings were compatible with steatocystoma multiplex, and the patient was taken up for radiofrequency ablation. CONCLUSION: Herein, we report a rare variant of steatocystoma multiplex limited to the face and scalp subjected to dermatoscopy and characteristic histological correlation. To the best of our knowledge and following a literature search, dermoscopic features of this condition have not been reported thus far.

Syntheses of chiral ß- and γ-amino ethers, morpholines, and their homologues via nucleophilic ring-opening of chiral activated aziridines and azetidines.

Lewis acid catalyzed quaternary ammonium salt mediated highly regioselective ring-opening of chiral activated aziridines and azetidines with alcohols to nonracemic ß- and γ-amino ethers has been developed. The reaction mainly proceeds via an S(N)2 pathway, and the partial racemization of the starting substrate was effectively controlled by using quaternary ammonium salts. ß- and γ-amino ethers are obtained with high enantio- and diastereospecificity (ee up to >99%, de up to 99%). The methodology was further extended to synthesize morpholines and their homologues with high enantiospecificity (ee up to 90%) when halo alcohols were employed as the nucleophiles.

Enantioselective syntheses of morpholines and their homologues via S(N)2-type ring opening of aziridines and azetidines with haloalcohols.

A highly regio- and stereoselective strategy for the syntheses in high yield and enantioselectivity of a variety of substituted nonracemic morpholines and their homologues is described. The reaction proceeds via an S(N)2-type ring opening of activated aziridines and azetidines by suitable halogenated alcohols in the presence of Lewis acid followed by base-mediated intramolecular ring closure of the resulting haloalkoxy amine.

Lewis acid-mediated highly regioselective SN2-Type ring-opening of 2-aryl-N-tosylazetidines and aziridines by alcohols.

Lewis acid-mediated highly regioselective SN2-type ring-opening of 2-aryl-N-tosylazetidines with alcohols to afford various 1,3-amino ethers in excellent yields with good enantiomeric excess is described. Similar SN2-type ring-opening of chiral 2-phenyl-N-tosylaziridine with various alcohols produces the corresponding nonracemic 1,2-amino ethers in excellent yields and good ee. The mechanism of the ring-opening of aziridines and azetidines via an SN2 pathway is supported by the formation of nonracemic amino ethers.