[Clinical aspects of a virtual operating room for the prediction of operative interventions in some disease of the middle ear]. / Klinicheskie aspekty virtual'noi operatsionnoi dlia prognozirovaniia khirurgicheskikh vmeshatel'stv pri nekotorykh zabolevaniiakh srednego ukha.

Clinical aspects of creating a software system for simulation and prediction of operative interventions and hearing function changes are considered. The system will make simulation and prediction transparent and convenient for the user. The technical challenge is to create mediation languages which enforce rigorous mathematical computation while supporting intuitive behaviour. The prevalent textual interface of command lines and pull-down menus is replaced by physical behaviour within an environment. The system is based on new possibilities of computer-integrated environments for problem solving such as virtual environments and it will be presented in a form of a virtual operating room. The following aspects are taken into consideration: a model of the middle ear, database for existing methods of operative interventions, x-ray and computed tomography imaging of the temporal bone, determination and localization of otosclerosis foci, modeling and determination of acoustic parameters for transplantation materials, simulation and prognosis of potential complications.

[Immunological features of patients with polypous ethmoiditis]. / Nekotorye osobennosti immunologicheskikh pokazatelei pri polipoznom étmoidite.

34 patients with nasal polyps (NP) and 12 normal individuals were studied immunologically to investigate association of nasal polyp formation with disorders of general and local immunity. In NP patients there were decreased preoperative and early postoperative levels of peripheral blood T- and B-lymphocytes, functional activity of lymphocytes and neutrophils. In contrast to normal individuals, nasal secretion of NP patients contained degenerative epithelial cells and neutrophils, activated lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils. Nasal polyp tissues obtained after polypectomy contained more B-lymphocytes than T-lymphocytes. Lymphocytes and neutrophils in nasal polyps had elevated functional activity in tissue culture. We conclude that local hyperactivation of T- and B-lymphocytes as well as neutrophils contribute much to nasal polyp formation.

An approach for access differentiation design in medical distributed applications built on databases.

A formalized "top to bottom" design approach was described in [1] for distributed applications built on databases, which were considered as a medium between virtual and real user environments for a specific medical application. Merging different components within a unified distributed application posits new essential problems for software. Particularly protection tools, which are sufficient separately, become deficient during the integration due to specific additional links and relationships not considered formerly. E.g., it is impossible to protect a shared object in the virtual operating room using only DBMS protection tools, if the object is stored as a record in DB tables. The solution of the problem should be found only within the more general application framework. Appropriate tools are absent or unavailable. The present paper suggests a detailed outline of a design and testing toolset for access differentiation systems (ADS) in distributed medical applications which use databases. The appropriate formal model as well as tools for its mapping to a DMBS are suggested. Remote users connected via global networks are considered too.